Mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR; Adderall XR) and atomoxetine (Strattera) were compared in children 6 to 12 years old with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined or hyperactive/impulsive type in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group, forced-dose-escalation laboratory school study. Primary efficacy measure was the SKAMP (Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham) behavioral rating scale. Changes in mean SKAMP deportment scores from baseline were significantly greater for MAS XR (n = 102) than for atomoxetine (n = 101) overall (-0.56 and -0.13, respectively; p < .0001) and at each week (p < .001). Adverse events were similar for both treatment groups. The extended time course of action and greater therapeutic efficacy of MAS XR suggests that it is more effective than atomoxetine in children with ADHD.

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A field experiment was conducted to determine uptake of Cd and other heavy metals by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from three diammoniuni phosphate (DAP) fertilizers containing 2, 74, and 153 µg Cd/g. A phosphorus‐deficient Paden silt loam (Glossic Fragiudult, pH 4.7) was limed at two rates and treated with the DAP sources at a rate of 50 kg of P/ha (100 lb of P2O5/acre). Grain yields were higher at pH 5.9 than at pH 5.1, were significantly increased by P applications, and results were similar using all DAP sources.Concentrations of Cd in both grain and straw were significantly increased only with application of high‐Cd DAP to the low‐lime soil. Cadmium concentrations in grain increased from 0.028 to 0.086 µg/g, and those in straw increased from 0.067 to 0.118 µg/g (dry weight basis) with application of low‐Cd DAP and high‐Cd DAP, respectively, and were lower on the high‐lime soil. Concentrations of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn in both grain and straw were not significantly affected by DAP source. Results for a second year on the same plots limed to pH 5.8 and 7.0 and treated again with the same DAP sources were similar to those for the first year, except that heavy metal uptake was generally lower. Results suggest that Cd concentrations in wheat products are not significantly changed by the phosphate fertilization and crop production practices in general use in the United States at this time.

These field experiments were conducted in connection with the recent upsurge of interest in composting as a disposal method for municipal refuse. Heavy applications of compost made from municipal refuse and sewage sludge were evaluated for production of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench × Sorghum sudanense P. Stapf.) and common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) at Muscle Shoals, Ala., and for corn (Zea mays L.) at Johnson City, Tenn.Positive yield responses were observed t o annual compost application at rates up to 80 metric tons/ha on bermudagrass, 143 metric tons/ha on sorghum, and 112 metric tons/ha on corn. However, the highest yields of bermudagrass or sorghum attained from compost application were equaled or surpassed by application of fertilizer nitrogen (N) at the rate of 180 kg/ha together with adequate phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Compost‐induced K deficiency was not observed in any crop.Incorporation of compost over a 2‐year period significantly increased moisture‐holding capacity and decreased bulk density and compression strength of the soil. The pH, organic matter, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) levels were also increased. Soil and plant tissue analyses indicated that potentially toxic amounts of Zn could accumulate in the soil if compost were applied at rates totaling several hundred tons/ha over a few years.