Tillage and Residue Management Effects on Properties of an Ultisol and Double‐Cropped Soybean Production<sup>1</sup>

NeSmith, D. Scott; Hargrove, W. L.; Radcliffe, D. E.; Tollner, E. W.; Arıoğlu, Halis

doi:10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900030034x

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, later cover.toP ffig ,gs will maximize residue dry matter production, promoting subsequent soil water conservation (Moschler et al 1967)' Field studies have shown that straw rates higher than 3 Mg ha-l signifrcantly increased soil water storage of mulched plots wf,en compared to bare soil plots (Aase and Tanaka tg8Zl. While increases in soybean yields due to soil water conservation by plant residues have been reported in some studies (Webber-et al 1987;Edwards et al 1988), other studies have encountered no yield differences (Elmore 1987;NeSmith et al 1987). Decreases in yields observed in no-till soybeans have not been associated with the lower soil temperaoies ttrat occur under no-tillage systems (Tollner et al 1984 (Weston 1990 Fehr et al (1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Wagner-Riddle¹,

Gillespie²,

Swanton³

1994

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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-qv-er crop management impact on soil water content' soir temperatu." "ndrov6"*;r;;ii: c.i.'i.-pr""t sci. zc, +bs-qss. Thebptimuri. killing time of a ry-e (secale cereale) cover crop is an importaii111unrt.111.nt decision and can determine the yield of the subsequent soybean (Glycine max).crop'The objective of this research was to study u.y".ou"rl*yU.g-tyt1".1t, Soybeans were grown on sandy (Delhi) and loam (Woodstock) soils (1989/1990) with mulch on the 'l,l *'ru.. outiin"g uy killing "ry,e approxiriately I and 2 wk before soybean.planting.A conventional tillage treatment was used as a control. Soil-water ioritent,loil tempeiature, rye mulch amount and soybean growth were monitored over the season. nye -urcn umount for the late titiing 0-r)-O?te-YT^aI{ays larger.than for the.early killing (EK) date. LK decreased soil watei.orrt.nt at soybean planting.time it'Oethi in 1989. The rye mulch produced with the LK increased soit *ui"1. cont"nt early in tft" ioyU.un giowing season-in 1990. A substantial decrease in the amount of mulch was observed Ouring the gib*ing riu.otiund resulied in little difierence between mulch and no mulch soil water and temperature conditions later in the season. Extreme temperatures were more frequent under the bare soil, but these were limited to a small percentage of hours, anO OIO not translate lnto Oiif.iln""iin soybean dernelopment rates.,Redu^ced soybean growth observed early in the season in one out of four location-years vanished as the season progiessed. Number of seeds per pod and nodule number were increased Oue to rvi mulch, but no diff"renc" in soybean yields were observed among treatments' X"y *orOrt Rye (Secale cereale),cover crop, mulch, soybea n (Glycine max) wagner-Riddle, c., Gillespie (Gupa et al. 1983), decreasing soil erosion (Wall et al. 1991), and promoting weed control (Weston 1990; Moore et al. 1993). The magnitude of these effects is a function of the amount of residue, and the time it persists on the soil surface.Cover crops are grown with the purpose of producing residue that covers the soil surface and through which row crops can be directly planted (Phillips et al. 1980). Rye has been commonly used to produce a mulch on the soil surface after killing with irerbicides lMunawar et al. 1990; Raimbault et al. 1990

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Wagner-Riddle¹,

Gillespie²,

Swanton³

1994

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Extractable water in double-cropped plots, in contrast, was not affected by soybean row spacing. Wheat residue mulch protected plot surfaces and probably reduced evaporation and surface sealing equally for both soybean row spacings (NeSmith et al, 1987). Double-cropped narrow-row soybean plots often contained less extractable water in the last half of the 1982 and 1983 seasons than monocropped narrow-row soybean plots, data in Table 2 being representative.…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This finding suggests that wheat residue increased infiltration and /or reduced evaporation from double-cropped plots in comparison to monocropped plots. NeSmith et al (1987) found that winter wheat residue as a mulch on the soil surface increased soil water contents in the upper 10 cm of the profile by limiting evaporation, increasing infiltration, or reducing water use.…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean

Lehrsch

Whisler

Buehring

1994

Agricultural Water Management

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For rain-fed agriculture in the southeastern United States, efficient soil water use when doublecropping is essential. Water use by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.] following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is, however, poorly documented. Winter wheat may deplete soil water, thus limiting subsequent soybean yield. Cropping system variables, such as soybean planting date and row spacing, may also affect water use. Therefore, a 4-year field experiment in northeastern Mississippi was conducted on Leeper ( Vertic Haplaquept) and Catalpa (Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) silty clays. The objectives were to (1) determine the influence of soybean planting date, cropping system (monocropped versus double-cropped), and row spacing on extractable water ( similar to available water) for soybean, and (2) identify a production system to improve the use of extractable water over a growing season. In mid-to late-May ( the first soybean planting date), "Centennial" soybean in 38-or 76-cm rows was planted either between rows of standing wheat or in bare (monocropped) plots. After the wheat was harvested and the straw chopped, soybean was planted into bare soil or planted no-till into wheat stubble in mid-June for the second planting and in early July for the third. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from soybean emergence to maturity. Differences between each water content profile and a dry profile ( constructed using the lowest recorded water content at each depth) were regarded as extractable water. Neither soybean planting date nor cropping system, as a main effect, exerted much influence on extractable water for soybean. As interacting factors later in the season, however, they were important. Plots with soybean in 38-rather than 76-cm rows contained more extractable water throughout the 1982 and 1983 seasons, and yielded over 9% more seed. Canopies closed about 20 days sooner with narrow rows than with wide rows. These full canopies protected and shaded the soil surface, probably reducing crusting and decreasing water losses by evaporation. We concluded that double-cropped soybean in 38-cm rows planted either into standing wheat in late May or into wheat stubble not later than mid-June utilized extractable water efficiently in silty clay soils in northeastern Mississippi.

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“…Crops with a well-developed rooting system are expected to have less water stress than those with shallow roots. NeSmith et al (1987) reported that soybeans extracted more water from the 15-to 45-cm depth of CT (moldboard plow and disk) systems than disk tillage or NT systems. Water stress becomes critical when there is limited rainfall during grain development and grain-filling stages (Wagger and Denton 1992).…”

Section: Silage Corn and Soybean Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

Whalen¹,

Prasher²,

Benslim³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, H. 2007. Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf, grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monitoring (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) revealed a trend of greater silage corn and soybean yields in CT than NT plots. The reduction in crop yield after establishing NT practices at this site was probably due to rooting constraints from inadequate seedbed preparation in the NT system, rather than from weed competition, insect damage or crop diseases.Key words: Arthropods, crop disease, silage corn, soybean, tillage, weed control Whalen, J. K., Prasher, S. O. et Benslim, H. 2007. Surveillance aux agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage et de soya convertis en semis-direct au Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. Le système de semis-direct (NT) peut sembler risqué pour quelques producteurs qui comptent sur le labourage pour contrôler les mauvaises herbes, quelques insectes ravageurs et les pathogènes causant des maladies qui peuvent réduire la production végétale. Nous avons examiné des mauvaises herbes, des arthropodes, et l'incidence des maladies dans les agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage (Zea mays L.) et soya (Glycine max L. Merr.), aux parcelles nouvellement converties en NT à Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. Pendant les deux premières années d'étab-lissement, il y avait plus des mauvaises herbes annuelles et moins des dicotylédones annuelles avec NT que dans les parcelles avec CT, mais le degré d'envahissement par les mauvaises herbes était plus grand dans le CT que le NT. Pendant deux ans, les arthropodes foliaires étaient plus nombreux en soya par apport au maïs-ensilage, mais ils n'étaient pas affectés par le labourage du sol. Il y avait plus de prédateurs de généraliste, particulièrement les coléoptères et les Carabidae, dans le CT que le NT, alors que les araignées et les faucheux (Araneae et Opiliones) étaient dominants dans les parcelles sous NT. La diminution du rendement de la récolte après l'établissement du NT sur ce site a été probablement due à la dif...

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Tillage and Residue Management Effects on Properties of an Ultisol and Double‐Cropped Soybean Production¹

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

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Tillage and Residue Management Effects on Properties of an Ultisol and Double‐Cropped Soybean Production1

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

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Tillage and Residue Management Effects on Properties of an Ultisol and Double‐Cropped Soybean Production¹