Tilapia nilotica Head Lipids Improved Bone Loss by Regulating Inflammation and Serum Metabolism Through Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a global health problem, and it is of great significance to replace the drugs with natural functional factors. In this study, we investigated the antiosteoporotic activity of lipids prepared from Tilapia nilotica fish head lipids (THLs) in the ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. THLs are composed of neutral lipids (NL, 77.84%), phospholipids (PL, 11.86%), and glycolipids (GL, 6.47%). There were apparent differences in the fatty acid composition of disparate components, and PL contains the most abundant Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results proved that THLs could improve bone microstructure, increase bone mineral density, and decrease bone resorption. To illustrate the antiosteoporotic mechanism, we analyzed the changes in gut microbial communities, proinflammation factors, serum metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Further study on gut microbiota showed that THLs significantly decreased the content of Alistipes in the gut and dramatically increased the beneficial bacteria such as Oscillospira, Roseburia, and Dubosiella. Meanwhile, proinflammation factors of serum in OVX rats decreased significantly, and metabolites were changed. Therefore, we speculated that THLs improved bone loss through reducing inflammation and changing the metabolites and metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid metabolism, etc., by altering gut microbiota. The results indicated that THLs could be a functional factor with antiosteoporotic activity.

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“…The 3D images of coronal were constructed. The BMD, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were calculated by the tomography software ( 20 ).…”

Protective Effect of Polyphenols Purified from Mallotus oblongfolius on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury by Regulating Nrf2 and MAPKs Pathways

“…After that, the membranes were soaked in ECL chemiluminescence solution to detect the target protein blots which were visualized by ImageQuant LAS4000mini system (GE, Boston, MA, USA). During the whole process, β-actin was treated as a control protein [ 22 , 23 ].…”

New Advances in Improving Bone Health Based on Specific Gut Microbiota

“…In a study using an ovariectomized osteoporosis rat model, Tilapia nilotica fish head lipids (THLs) significantly reduced the levels of Alistipes in the gut, while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and suggested that THLs may be a functional factor with antiosteoporotic activity. THLs are also rich in docosahexaenoic acid, which has been shown to regulate the intestinal microbiota and promote bone formation ( Che et al., 2021 ; Zhu et al., 2021 ).…”