Tiger Reintroduction in India: Conservation Tool or Costly Dream?

Johnsingh, A. J. T.; Madhusudan, M. D.

doi:10.1002/9781444312034.ch7

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These risks might be reduced by appropriate fencing, but such barriers are expensive to erect and require regular maintenance. Illegal hunting is likely to be a major threat to populations, particularly for high‐value species such as tigers and rhinoceroses, and such threats must be eliminated before reintroductions are considered (Johnsingh and Madhusudan ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major limitations are the potential for human‐tiger conflicts and the need for large areas with sufficient large prey (Brietenmoser et al. ; Johnsingh and Madhusudan ). While reintroductions would restore the tiger's role as apex predator and potentially limit overpopulation of pigs and deer, their preferred prey (Hayward et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tigers breed well in captivity so the availability of animals would not limit reintroduction efforts, particularly if the minor distinctions between the tropical subspecies were ignored. The major limitations are the potential for human-tiger conflicts and the need for large areas with sufficient large prey (Brietenmoser et al 2009;Johnsingh and Madhusudan 2009). While reintroductions would restore the tiger's role as apex predator and potentially limit overpopulation of pigs and deer, their preferred prey (Hayward et al 2012), human hunters already keep these populations at low densities almost everywhere in the region (Corlett 2007).…”

Section: Tiger (Panthera Tigris)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region

Louys

Corlett

Price

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Alarm over the prospects for survival of species in a rapidly changing world has encouraged discussion of translocation conservation strategies that move beyond the focus of ‘at-risk’ species. These approaches consider larger spatial and temporal scales than customary, with the aim of recreating functioning ecosystems through a combination of large-scale ecological restoration and species introductions. The term ‘rewilding’ has come to apply to this large-scale ecosystem restoration program. While reintroductions of species within their historical ranges have become standard conservation tools, introductions within known paleontological ranges—but outside historical ranges—are more controversial, as is the use of taxon substitutions for extinct species. Here, we consider possible conservation translocations for nine large-bodied taxa in tropical Asia-Pacific. We consider the entire spectrum of conservation translocation strategies as defined by the IUCN in addition to rewilding. The taxa considered are spread across diverse taxonomic and ecological spectra and all are listed as ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’ by the IUCN in our region of study. They all have a written and fossil record that is sufficient to assess past changes in range, as well as ecological and environmental preferences, and the reasons for their decline, and they have all suffered massive range restrictions since the late Pleistocene. General principles, problems, and benefits of translocation strategies are reviewed as case studies. These allowed us to develop a conservation translocation matrix, with taxa scored for risk, benefit, and feasibility. Comparisons between taxa across this matrix indicated that orangutans, tapirs, Tasmanian devils, and perhaps tortoises are the most viable taxa for translocations. However, overall the case studies revealed a need for more data and research for all taxa, and their ecological and environmental needs. Rewilding the Asian-Pacific tropics remains a controversial conservation strategy, and would be difficult in what is largely a highly fragmented area geographically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tiger (Panthera Tigris)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region

Louys

Corlett

Price

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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“…After experiencing success in these reserves, first interstate translocation of tigers was initiated in Satkosia Tiger Reserve in 2018. However, long term success of such population augmentation programme is dependent on simultaneous improvement in habitat quality, prey base, habitatprotection and socio-political support (Johnsingh and Madhusudan, 2009;Gray et al, 2017). While carnivores can adapt to high human densities (Gehr et al, 2017) and low prey base, human adaptation to carnivores and acceptance of some conflict (such as livestock depredation) are important requirements for human-carnivore coexistence (Lute et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing People's Response Toward Tiger Translocation in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Eastern India

Vasudeva

Ramasamy²,

Pal

et al. 2021

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Local communities are an important stakeholder in any carnivore translocation programme and therefore, their acceptance of the translocation and support are essential to ensure its viability. Recent tiger augmentation efforts in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, India received mixed responses from the local communities, causing a stalemate in its progress. As a part of the adaptive management strategy, it was required to assess the concerns and issues to provide a practical solution. Hence, we analyzed the attitude of the people toward conservation in general and tiger specifically. We used structured questionnaire surveys and interviewed 1,932 households from 43 villages located in and around the reserve. We tested the influence of several variables representing four categories- (1) socio-economic, (2) ecosystem values and dependence, (3) relationship with the forest department and (4) losses and fear, on the attitude toward tiger conservation. The villages were clustered based on the responses received under these categories. While conserving forest was important to 91% of respondents, 71% of respondents supported wildlife conservation and only 35% felt important to conserve tiger. The logistic binary regression predicted that at the household level attitude toward tiger conservation is influenced positively by economic well-being, sense of forest ecosystem services, resource dependence and negatively influenced by restrictions from the forest department, and previous experience of loss due to wildlife. At the village level, literacy, resource dependence, access to clean cooking fuel and cooperation from the forest department predicted a positive attitude toward tiger conservation. Restriction from the forest department, fear for livestock, and experience of losses due to wildlife had a negative influence on attitude. We recommend that the villages in the landscape are prioritized based on their needs and accordingly, specific interventions are made to address their concerns. Future augmentation programme must give importance to intangible factors such as fear and perceived restrictions and opt for the involvement of the local community in the decision-making process.

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“…India's National Tiger Conservation Authority has established 48 tiger reserves or genetic source pools across the subcontinent (http://projecttiger.nic.in). Projects like this secure breeding sub-populations and create networks of source pools (Hanski 1998, Wikramanayake et al 2004, Johnsingh and Madhusudan 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the factors influencing movements and spatial distribution of reintroduced Bengal tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris ) in the human-dominated buffer zone of Panna Tiger Reserve, India

et al. 2017

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The influence of tiger-specific (sex, age group), environmental (seasons, photoperiod) and anthropogenic (human use regimes) factors on the movements and spatial distribution of tigers using the human-dominated buffer zone of the Panna Tiger Reserve, India was studied. Generalised linear mixed models were used to test the significance of the relationships between the covariates influencing tiger presence. We report that tiger-specific factors – age group (generation) and sex – and environmental factors – seasons and day/night – significantly explain the observed variations in tiger use of the human-dominated buffer zone. For instance, second-generation tigers (sub-adults) spent 40% of their time in the human-use areas, compared to 10% spent by first-generation tigers (adult). When in human-use areas, sub-adult tigers approached areas near villages and spent 30% less time in areas close to water than adult tigers. Our study concludes that, in addition to tiger-specific factors, human factors, including livestock practices and peoples’ activities, influence tiger behaviour and their use of shared spaces. These unchecked human practices may lead to increased negative tiger-human interactions and restricts tigers from exploiting the resources in multiple-use areas.

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Tiger Reintroduction in India: Conservation Tool or Costly Dream?

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region

Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region

Factors Influencing People's Response Toward Tiger Translocation in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Eastern India

New insights into the factors influencing movements and spatial distribution of reintroduced Bengal tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris ) in the human-dominated buffer zone of Panna Tiger Reserve, India

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