Tidal Response of Groundwater in a Leaky Aquifer—Application to Oklahoma

Wang, Chi‐Yuen; Doan, Mai‐Linh; Xue, Lei; Barbour, Andrew J.

doi:10.1029/2018wr022793

Cited by 87 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…To further support our conclusion, we employed the tidal leaky aquifer model proposed by Wang et al () to infer quantitative changes in the vertical permeability of the aquitard. The tidal response in a leaky aquifer model can be expressed as follows:

η = arg ([], \frac{italiciωS}{(iωS + \frac{K'}{b'}) ξ})

where

ξ = 1 + {(\frac{r_{c}}{r_{w}})}^{2} \frac{italiciω r_{w}}{2 italicTβ} \frac{K_{0} ((), β r_{w})}{K_{1} ((), β r_{w})}

β = {(\frac{K'}{Tb'} + \frac{italiciωS}{T})}^{0.5}

and η is defined as the phase shift, ω is the angular frequency of the M 2 wave; S and T are the aquifer storativity and transmissivity; r c is the radius of the well casing; r w is the radius of the well screen; K 0 and K 1 are the modified Bessel functions of the second kind and the zero order and first order, respectively; and K ′ and b ′ are the vertical hydraulic conductivity and thickness of the aquitard, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Neither of these two models can be used alone in our case, because the phase shift changed from negative to positive after the earthquake. Meanwhile, according to previous studies, the phase shift increase is due to an enhancement of aquifer permeability and is associated with an increase in the amplitude ratio in a confined aquifer (Elkhoury et al, ; Hsieh et al, ; Lai et al, ; Roeloffs, ; Rojstaczer & Riley, ) or is associated with a decrease in the amplitude ratio and is due to an increased vertical permeability in the aquitard (Shi & Wang, ; Wang et al, ). Thus, if permeability increases in both aquifer and aquitard, the phase shift will show a large increase, but the amplitude ratios will show either an increase or decrease with reduced magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Furthermore, previous studies suggest that the effect of enhanced horizontal permeability and increased vertical permeability can be differentiated by the tidal phase and amplitude ratio. A large increase in the phase shift, along with a reduced amplitude ratio, indicates a permeability increase in both directions (Wang et al, ). However, the tidal analysis results from the ZJZ well show a large increase in the phase shift (‐40° to 2°) but a relatively small increase in the amplitude ratio (less than a factor of 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Large Earthquake Reshapes the Groundwater Flow System: Insight From the Water‐Level Response to Earth Tides and Atmospheric Pressure in a Deep Well

Zhang

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Quantitative evaluation of earthquake‐induced permeability changes is important for understanding key geological processes, such as advective transport of heat and solute and the generation of elevated fluid pressure. Many studies have independently documented permeability changes in either an aquifer or an aquitard, but the effects of an earthquake on both the aquifer and aquitard of the same aquifer system are still poorly understood. In this study, we use the well water‐level response to earth tides and atmospheric pressure to study the changes in hydraulic properties in an aquifer and an overlying confining layer in Beijing, China, following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. Our results show that both the tidal response amplitude and the phase shift increased and that the phase shift changed from negative to positive after the earthquake. We identified increased permeability in both the aquifer and aquitard by the barometric response function method. The horizontal transmissivity of the aquifer increased by a factor of 6, and the vertical diffusivity of the aquitard doubled.

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η = arg ([], \frac{italiciωS}{(iωS + \frac{K'}{b'}) ξ})

where

ξ = 1 + {(\frac{r_{c}}{r_{w}})}^{2} \frac{italiciω r_{w}}{2 italicTβ} \frac{K_{0} ((), β r_{w})}{K_{1} ((), β r_{w})}

β = {(\frac{K'}{Tb'} + \frac{italiciωS}{T})}^{0.5}

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Large Earthquake Reshapes the Groundwater Flow System: Insight From the Water‐Level Response to Earth Tides and Atmospheric Pressure in a Deep Well

Zhang

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…The tidal response to strain can also be used to estimate reservoir properties under various assumptions (e.g., Bredehoeft, ; Hsieh et al, ; Wang et al, ). The specific storage S S can be expressed (van der Kamp & Gale, ) as

S_{S} = \frac{1 - 2 normalν}{1 - ν} \frac{1}{h_{ϵ}},

where h ϵ is the areal strain response factor (in meters per strain) obtained from tidal analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage and Increasing Fluid Pressure Detected in Oklahoma's Wastewater Disposal Reservoir

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The Arbuckle Group is the principal reservoir used for wastewater disposal in Oklahoma. In Osage County—a seismically quiet part of the state—continuous measurements of fluid pressure reveal that pressure in the reservoir is increasing by at least 5 kPa annually and sometimes at a much higher rate. Tidal analysis reveals that fluid level changes lead the local strain tides, with no apparent influence from transient permeability changes; this indicates a response that is inconsistent with flow in a radially extensive, confined reservoir. We investigate whether this is due to vertical flow to the water table, vertical flow within the Arbuckle, or local distortions from fractures. While none of these alternative models can fully explain both the observed tidal phases and amplitude ratios, the observed response to teleseismic waves supports a mechanism related to leakage rather than fracture effects. At this location fluid influx associated with wastewater disposal is offset by migration into surrounding layers, which include the Precambrian basement below. Thus, our findings suggest the need to monitor for changes in the induced seismicity hazard, while pore pressures increase in a leaky disposal reservoir.

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“…Roeloffs () proposed using the water level response to the Earth tide to estimate the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of the aquifer as follows:

p ((),, z, ω) = - {BK}_{u} ((), 1 - e^{- ((), 1 + i) z / \sqrt{2 D / ω}}) ε_{0}

where p ( z , ω ) is the pore pressure fluctuation at a burial depth of z ; B is Skempton's constant; K u is Young's modulus of rock in a nondrained state; ɛ 0 is the initial volumetric strain; and D is the hydraulic diffusivity. Wang et al () presented the phase shift of the well water level response to the Earth tide in aquifers with both horizontal and vertical flow as follows:

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ η = \arg (\frac{iωS}{((), italiciωS + K' / b') ζ}) \\ ζ = 1 + {((), \frac{r_{c}}{r_{w}})}^{2} \frac{iω r_{w}}{2 Tβ} \frac{K_{0} (β r_{w})}{K_{1} (β r_{w})} \\ β = \sqrt{\frac{K'}{Tb'} + \frac{italiciωS}{T}} \end{matrix}

where b ' and K ' are the thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard, respectively, and K 0 and K 1 are zero‐order and first‐order Kelvin functions, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Permeability Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by the Xingwen M5.7 Earthquake in SW China

Sun

Xiang

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Earthquakes can change permeability. Continuous monitoring of the response of water level to solid Earth tides or changes in barometric pressure provides an opportunity to document how earthquakes influence permeability. Here we document spatial variations in changes in a fault zone in SW China. The response of the water level to barometric pressure and the Earth tide in four observation wells was used to calculate the relative changes in permeability at different locations on the fault before and after the Xingwen M5.7 earthquake. The results revealed that the earthquake resulted in a spatial heterogeneity in permeability changes along the Huarongshan fault. Moreover, permeability changes in the horizontal and vertical directions differed from one another at the same well location; that is, there was anisotropy at each location. These findings will help to enhance the understanding of earthquake-induced changes of permeable fault structure and fault segment deformation.Plain Language Summary Earthquakes can increase and sometimes decrease the permeability of crustal materials and fault zones. Most of these reports have been based on analyses of the response of the well water level to the Earth tide. In this study, characteristics of the permeability change in the Huarongshan fault before and after the Xingwen M5.7 earthquake were obtained based on the responses of the characteristic parameters of well water level to barometric pressure in the fault zone. The results revealed that the earthquake-induced permeability changes were spatially heterogeneous at different locations and anisotropic at each location. The relative permeability changes before and after the earthquake do not show a direct correlation with the coseismic response of the well water level. The strategy of simultaneously obtaining the vertical and horizontal permeabilities based on the response of the well water level to the barometric pressure used in this study will provide a new method for analyzing the anisotropy of permeability changes in shallow crustal media.

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Tidal Response of Groundwater in a Leaky Aquifer—Application to Oklahoma

Cited by 87 publications

References 64 publications

Large Earthquake Reshapes the Groundwater Flow System: Insight From the Water‐Level Response to Earth Tides and Atmospheric Pressure in a Deep Well

Large Earthquake Reshapes the Groundwater Flow System: Insight From the Water‐Level Response to Earth Tides and Atmospheric Pressure in a Deep Well

Leakage and Increasing Fluid Pressure Detected in Oklahoma's Wastewater Disposal Reservoir

Heterogeneous Permeability Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by the Xingwen M5.7 Earthquake in SW China

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