Tidal Inlets and Washover Fans

Pierce, J. W.

doi:10.1086/627504

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…causing piping and liquifaction, and (3) narrowing of a barrier island or spit by reduction of sediment supplied through longshore transport (Pierce, 1970;Kraus, Militello, and Todoroff, 2002). Coastal barrier breaching is expected to become more prevalent with rise in sea level, erosion of the coast, and continued length of service of jetties.…”

Section: Sponsoring/monitoring Agency Name(s) and Address(es) 10 Spomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During hurricanes and storms, large numbers of ephemeral breaches can open (e.g. Texas coast, USA -Price, 1963;Hayes, 1967;and Pierce, 1970;Louisiana coast, USA -Wright, Swaye, and Coleman, 1970;and New Brunswick, Canada -Greenwood and Keay, 1979). In a storm report documenting the damage of the September 1967 Hurricane Beulah, the US Army Engineer District, Galveston (1968) states that an inspection team found 31 breaches along 48 km of North Padre Island, Texas, barrier beach.…”

Section: Breaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Model of Incipient Breaching of Coastal Barriers

Kraus

2003

Coastal Engineering Journal

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A mathematical model is formulated to describe incipient breaching of coastal barrier islands. The model is based on the assumptions of idealized breach morphology and is intended to describe the growth of breaches prior to possible closure by longshore sediment transport. The two coupled, non-linear equations governing breach width and depth are solved analytically for special cases. The analytical solutions explicitly exhibit an exponential behavior in breach dimensions and reveal that the macroscale process of breach growth is controlled by seven variables: initial width and depth of the breach, equilibrium width and depth of the breach, width of the barrier island, and maximum or initial net sediment transport rates at the bottom and sides of the breach. The literature is reviewed to compile general properties of coastal breaches, and sensitivity testing shows the model to be compatible with those observations. The model is applied to simulate the 1980 breach at Moriches Inlet, New York, and reasonable agreement is found.

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Section: Sponsoring/monitoring Agency Name(s) and Address(es) 10 Spomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Model of Incipient Breaching of Coastal Barriers

Kraus

2003

Coastal Engineering Journal

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“…Low-lying, narrow barrier islands with limited tidal flats are susceptible to inlet formation during storm events (Pierce, 1970). Throughout the Holocene evolution of Currituck Sound several inlets have opened and closed in the barrier island system allowing for changing salinity and tidal influence over time (Stick, 1958;Fisher, 1962;Robinson and McBride, 2006;and USACE, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene Evolution of Currituck Sound, North Carolina, USA: Environmental Change Driven by Sea-Level Rise, Storms, and Barrier Island Morphology

Moran

2015

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…Tidal inlets can also be formed by these same processes but typically occur where backbarrier slopes are steep and backbarrier tidal flats are small or absent (Pierce, 1970). Inundation overwash occurs when water levels rise over the top of the barrier causing the resulting washovers to be large sheets extending 100s to 1000s of meters wide (the inundation regime of the Sallenger (2000) impact scale; figure 1, Donnelly et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial events of overwash can erode the throat and pre-overwash surface in the back barrier resulting in a reactivation surface (Pierce, 1970;Kochel and Dolan, 1986). This characteristic is readily observed in sediment cores if the washover extends into a backbarrier lagoon or pond as an abrupt contact between the washover sands and underlying mud (Donnelly et al, 2001a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems: An example from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA

et al. 2013

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Coastal barriers are particularly susceptible to the predicted effects of accelerated of sea-level rise and the potential for increased impacts of intense storms. Over centennial scales, barriers are maintained via overtopping during storms, causing deposition of washover fans on their landward sides. This study examines three washover fans on the south shore of Martha's Vineyard using a suite of data including vibracores, ground penetrating radar, high resolution dGPS, and LiDAR data. From these data, the volumes of the deposits were determined and range from 2.1-2.4 x 10 4 M .Two overwashes occurred during Hurricane Bob in 1991. The water levels produced by this storm have a return interval of ~28 years, resulting in an onshore sediment flux of 2.4-3.4 m 3 /m/yr. The third washover was deposited by a nor'easter in January 1997, which has a water level return interval of ~6 years, resulting in a flux of 8.5 m 3 /m/yr. These fluxes are smaller than the flux of sediment needed to maintain a geometrically stable barrier estimated from shoreline retreat rates, suggesting that the barrier is not in long-term equilibrium, a result supported by the thinning of the barrier over this time interval.

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Tidal Inlets and Washover Fans

Cited by 77 publications

References 1 publication

Analytical Model of Incipient Breaching of Coastal Barriers

Analytical Model of Incipient Breaching of Coastal Barriers

Late Holocene Evolution of Currituck Sound, North Carolina, USA: Environmental Change Driven by Sea-Level Rise, Storms, and Barrier Island Morphology

Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems: An example from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA

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