Ticks and accompanying pathogens of domestic and wild animals of Kerala, South India

Nimisha, Murikoli; Devassy, Jeena Kaitharath; Pradeep, R.; Vidya, P. Nair; Sruthi, Meethalae Koombayil; Pious, Anu; Kurbet, Prashant Somalingappa; Amrutha, B; Chandrasekhar, Leena; Chirayath, Deepa; Ajithkumar, Karapparambu Gopalan; Varghese, Anju; Juliet, Sanis; Dinesh, Chemmangattuvalappil Narendranath; Nair, Suresh; Chandy, George; Ghosh, Srikant; Ravindran, Reghu

doi:10.1007/s10493-019-00414-z

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Furthermore, A. ovis (79.0%), A. bovis (24.7%), and A. phagocytophilum (28.4%) in Yecheng sheep in current study, while A. ovis (1.5%), A. marginale (5.7%), and A. centrale (2.7%) were identified in ticks from Pakistan, the country that Yecheng borders (25). Other border countries of XUAR also have reports about Anaplasma infection (A. bovis, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, and A. marginale) in ruminants or ticks including Russia (26), Philippines (27), and south India (28). Notably, A. capra, a newly discovered emerging zoonotic species of Anaplasma, was not identified in the current study, although it has been reported in both XUAR (only four positive samples) and Gansu of China (29,30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 46%

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in Sheep From Border Regions, Northwestern China

Galon

Guo

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma are important causative agents of tick-borne diseases that severely affect sheep. However, there is paucity in the occurrence genetic diversity of the infections of tick-borne diseases in sheep in border regions, northwestern China. In this study, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays and gene sequencing were used to identify tick-borne Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. infections in border regions, northwestern China. Out of 323 samples tested in this study, 225 (69.7%) sheep were infected with Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. Two hundred six (63.8%), 60 (18.6%), 54 (16.7%), 51 (15.8%), 32 (9.9%), 19 (5.9%), and 16 (5.0%) were positive for A. ovis, B. motasi-like, A. bovis, T. uilenbergi, A. phagocytophilum, T. luwenshuni, and B. motasi-like Xinjiang, respectively. The most common dual infection was with A. ovis and B. motasi-like while the most frequent triple coinfection was A. ovis, B. motasi-like, and T. uilenbergi with coinfection rates of 17.0% (55/323) and 5.0% (16/323), respectively. Sequencing analysis indicated that A. ovis MSP4, A. phagocytophilum epank1, A. bovis 16S rRNA, B. motasi-like rap1-b, B. motasi-like Xinjiang rap1-a, T. luwenshuni 18S rRNA, and T. uilenbergi 18S rRNA from border regions, northwestern China, showed 99-100% identity with documented isolates from other countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of T. uilenbergi and T. luwenshuni infections of sheep in border regions, northwestern China. Furthermore, these findings provide important data for understanding the distribution of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in sheep between border countries and China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 46%

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in Sheep From Border Regions, Northwestern China

Galon

Guo

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…R14 and in R. felis -like organisms such as Rickettsia asembonensis , Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis, and Rickettsia spp. Genotype RF2125 ( Table 4 ) [ 16 , 43 , 44 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

et al. 2023

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Rickettsial diseases (RD) are widely reported all over the world. Scrub typhus (ST) is a major tropical infection which is well documented all over India. Therefore, the index of suspicion of scrub typhus is high among physicians with regard to patients presenting with acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in India. Rickettsial diseases other than ST (non-ST RDs), which include spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are not uncommon in India, but the index of suspicion is not as high as ST unless there is a history of the presence of fever with rashes and/or recent arthropod bites. This review aims to look into the Indian scenario on the epidemiology of non-ST RDs, especially the SFG and TG rickettsioses based on various investigations, spectrum of clinical presentation, challenges and gaps in knowledge to suspect and diagnose these infections.

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“…Several reports indicated the high prevalence of tick-borne haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle in this state (Ravindran et al 2002(Ravindran et al , 2007Aparna et al 2011Aparna et al , 2013Nair et al 2011Nair et al , 2013Pradeep et al 2019). The most prevalent tick species reported in cattle from the state include Rhipicephalus annulatus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, R. microplus, and R. haemaphysaloides (Amrutha et al 2018;Kumar et al 2018;Nimisha et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Indian zebu dwarf cattle show higher natural resistance to tick infestation compared to crossbreds: preliminary observations

Akhil

Chackochan

Sunanda

et al. 2021

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of various factors on the host resistance of cattle against tick infestation in Kerala State, South India. The number of naturally infested semi-engorged female ticks present on the cattle was counted on a sample cattle population across the four regions of Kerala. Then, the animals were grouped based on the tick count. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to identify the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on tick burden in cattle. It was found that the Holstein Friesian crossbred and Jersey crossbred cattle had a significantly higher level of tick infestation than the indigenous Vechur breed (Bos indicus). No tick infestation was observed in indigenous Kasaragod Dwarf cattle (B. indicus). Tick infestation was more in heifers and dry animals than lactating animals. However, the sex of the animal and the stage of lactation did not influence the tick load. Tick infestation was also influenced by parity, grazing, and region.

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Ticks and accompanying pathogens of domestic and wild animals of Kerala, South India

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in Sheep From Border Regions, Northwestern China

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in Sheep From Border Regions, Northwestern China

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

South Indian zebu dwarf cattle show higher natural resistance to tick infestation compared to crossbreds: preliminary observations

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