Tick and Host Derived Compounds Detected in the Cement Complex Substance

Villar, Margarita; Pacheco, Iván; Merino, Octávio; Contreras, Marinela; Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes; Prado, Eduardo; Barros-Picanço, Dina Karen; Lima-Barbero, José Francisco; Artigas-Jerónimo, Sara; Alberdi, Pilar; Mera, Isabel G. Fernández de; Estrada-Peña, Agustı́n; Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro; Fuente, José de la

doi:10.3390/biom10040555

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…The mechanisms behind the possibility of using α-Gal for developing a single-antigen pan-vaccine for the control of infectious diseases caused by pathogens with this modification on their surface include pathogen opsonization by anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG-type antibodies and boosting the non-pathogen-specific protective immune mechanisms [ 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The immunization with α-Gal will increase the levels of the natural anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG-type antibodies produced in response to gut microbiota [ 15 ] and do not cause an increase in the IgE-type allergic response to tick saliva, which are involved in triggering the AGS [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 40 ]. Therefore, in principle, the α-Gal-based vaccines could be applied to all hosts that do not produce α-Gal, but the immune response could be affected by different factors including the ABO blood groups [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis

et al. 2020

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The alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is associated with tick bites that can induce in humans high levels of IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from tick saliva that mediate primarily delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat consumption. It has been proposed that humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize α-Gal to increase the protective immune response against pathogens with this modification on their surface. This evolutionary adaptation suggested the possibility of developing vaccines and other interventions to induce the anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG protective response against pathogen infection and multiplication. However, the protective effect of the anti-α-Gal immune response for the control of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium spp. has not been explored. To address the possibility of using vaccination with α-Gal for the control of tuberculosis, in this study, we used the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model. The results showed that vaccination with α-Gal protected against mycobacteriosis in the zebrafish model of tuberculosis and provided evidence on the protective mechanisms in response to vaccination with α-Gal. These mechanisms included B-cell maturation, antibody-mediated opsonization of mycobacteria, Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis, macrophage response, interference with the α-Gal antagonistic effect of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)-mediated immune response, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results provided additional evidence supporting the role of the α-Gal-induced immune response in the control of infections caused by pathogens with this modification on their surface and the possibility of using this approach for the control of multiple infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis

et al. 2020

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“…The proteins identified included as major proteins glycine-rich proteins and protease inhibitors as well as a large proportion of house-keeping proteins. A more recent study identified 654 proteins in urea+SDS extracted vs. 388 proteins in SDS vs. 266 proteins in urea alone from cement cones of R. microplus (Villar et al, 2020 ). The protein profile from cement was also termed the “cementome.” The study also identified 2,264 proteins from salivary gland extract.…”

Section: Proteomics Of Tick Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Visions of Reality at the Tick-Host Interface: Biochemistry, Genomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics as Measures of Complete Inventories of the Tick Sialoverse

Mans

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Species have definitive genomes. Even so, the transcriptional and translational products of the genome are dynamic and subject to change over time. This is especially true for the proteins secreted by ticks at the tick-host feeding interface that represent a complex system known as the sialoverse. The sialoverse represent all of the proteins derived from tick salivary glands for all tick species that may be involved in tick-host interaction and the modulation of the host's defense mechanisms. The current study contemplates the advances made over time to understand and describe the complexity present in the sialoverse. Technological advances at given periods in time allowed detection of functions, genes, and proteins enabling a deeper insight into the complexity of the sialoverse and a concomitant expansion in complexity with as yet, no end in sight. The importance of systematic classification of the sialoverse is highlighted with the realization that our coverage of transcriptome and proteome space remains incomplete, but that complete descriptions may be possible in the future. Even so, analysis and integration of the sialoverse into a comprehensive understanding of tick-host interactions may require further technological advances given the high level of expected complexity that remains to be uncovered.

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“…Interestingly, α-gal epitopes have been detected in the gut ( 32 ), saliva ( 29 ), salivary gland ( 33 ), ovaries ( 61 ), and cement ( 62 ) of several tick species linked to meat allergy. One possibility for the source of this α-gal is residual glycoproteins containing α-gal from a blood meal of non-primate hosts, as α-gal epitopes increase over time in the salivary glands of lone star ticks after blood feeding ( 63 , 64 ).…”

Section: Galactose-α-13-galactosementioning

confidence: 99%

B Cell Responses in the Development of Mammalian Meat Allergy

2020

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Studies of meat allergic patients have shown that eating meat poses a serious acute health risk that can induce severe cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory reactions. Allergic reactions in affected individuals following meat consumption are mediated predominantly by IgE antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a blood group antigen of non-primate mammals and therefore present in dietary meat. α-gal is also found within certain tick species and tick bites are strongly linked to meat allergy. Thus, it is thought that exposure to tick bites promotes cutaneous sensitization to tick antigens such as α-gal, leading to the development of IgE-mediated meat allergy. The underlying immune mechanisms by which skin exposure to ticks leads to the production of α-gal-specific IgE are poorly understood and are key to identifying novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence of cutaneous exposure to tick bites and the development of mammalian meat allergy. We then provide recent insights into the role of B cells in IgE production in human patients with mammalian meat allergy and in a novel mouse model of meat allergy. Finally, we discuss existing data more generally focused on tick-mediated immunomodulation, and highlight possible mechanisms for how cutaneous exposure to tick bites might affect B cell responses in the skin and gut that contribute to loss of oral tolerance.

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Tick and Host Derived Compounds Detected in the Cement Complex Substance

Cited by 29 publications

References 88 publications

Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis

Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis

Quantitative Visions of Reality at the Tick-Host Interface: Biochemistry, Genomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics as Measures of Complete Inventories of the Tick Sialoverse

B Cell Responses in the Development of Mammalian Meat Allergy

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