Tibetan Sheep Adapt to Plant Phenology in Alpine Meadows by Changing Rumen Microbial Community Structure and Function

Liu, Hongjin; Hu, Linyong; Han, Xueping; Zhao, Na; Xu, Tianwei; Ma, Li; Wang, Xungang; Kang, Shenghong; Zhao, Xinquan; Xu, Shixiao

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.587558

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In the host-microbial system, different bacterial communities can contribute to a unique set of digestive enzymes to improve forage processing and digestion ( 35 ); thus, high microbial diversity is usually related to strong metabolic capacity and stability. A previous study showed that the rumen microbiota diversity of Tibetan sheep improves the fermentation efficiency of forage fiber and expedites the stability of the rumen microbial ecosystem ( 36 ). In the present study, higher rumen microbial diversity was found in the winter than in the summer, indicating that the rumen microbial community of Tibetan sheep might have enhanced ability to use high-fiber forage to help them meet their energy requirements in cold and harsh habitats during the winter ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the very complex interactions among bacteria, such as resource competition and cross-substitution, it is difficult to know which bacteria directly cause the production of a specific VFA ( 56 ). Through qPCR analysis, Liu et al ( 36 ) found that the number of main cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria in the rumen of grazing Tibetan sheep in the summer was significantly higher than that in the winter. This result was consistent with the higher nutrient digestibility and ADG of Tibetan sheep in the summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results demonstrate that the season alters the correlations among microflora and showed that the keystone genus is different between the two seasons. Network analysis could reveal species interactions from both positive and negative aspects ( 36 ). Negative interactions might weaken competitive relations, whereas positive interactions could strengthen competitive relations ( 59 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2021

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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by low temperatures and hypoxia, and this feature is more obvious in the winter. However, it is not clear how Tibetan sheep adapt to extreme cold climates. To address this, we used physiological methods combined with next-generation sequencing technology to explore the differences in growth performance, forage nutrient digestion, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbial communities of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) between the summer and winter. In the summer, owing to the high nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep showed enhanced forage degradation and fermentation though increased counts of important bacteria in the rumen, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, to improve the growth performance and increase serum immunity and antioxidant status. In the winter, owing to the low nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep presented low values of forage degradation and fermentation indicators. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, microbial diversity, interactive activity between microorganisms, and metabolism were significantly increased, implying that the rumen microbiota could promote the decomposition of forage biomass and the maintenance of energy when forage nutritional value was insufficient in the winter. Our study helps in elucidating the mechanism by which Tibetan sheep adapt to the high-altitude harsh environments, from the perspective of the rumen microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2021

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“…Comparatively, lesser functional differences were observed between Collections (seven classes), and Feed (five classes), while no differences were observed between the breeds. While diet is one of the important factors influencing the shape of the rumen microbiome, few studies have observed that the taxonomic changes due to diet are more evident than functional changes 17 , 20 , 35 , 36 . Based on the results obtained in the study, it is speculated that the changes in the diet leads to the change in the abundance of the microbiota which gradually becomes stable under the influence of the same diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing rumen microbiota and CAZyme profile of Indian dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in response to different roughages

Hinsu

Tulsani

Panchal

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In dromedary camels, which are pseudo-ruminants, rumen or C1 section of stomach is the main compartment involved in fiber degradation, as in true ruminants. However, as camels are adapted to the harsh and scarce grazing conditions of desert, their ruminal microbiota makes an interesting target of study. The present study was undertaken to generate the rumen microbial profile of Indian camel using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomics. The camels were fed three diets differing in the source of roughage. The comparative metagenomic analysis revealed greater proportions of significant differences between two fractions of rumen content followed by diet associated differences. Significant differences were also observed in the rumen microbiota collected at different time-points of the feeding trial. However, fraction related differences were more highlighted as compared to diet dependent changes in microbial profile from shotgun metagenomics data. Further, 16 genera were identified as part of the core rumen microbiome of Indian camels. Moreover, glycoside hydrolases were observed to be the most abundant among all Carbohydrate-Active enzymes and were dominated by GH2, GH3, GH13 and GH43. In all, this study describes the camel rumen microbiota under different dietary conditions with focus on taxonomic, functional, and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes profiles.

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“…We found that the total SCFA, propionate and butyrate were higher in Aug and Oct, and the propionate and butyrate were signi cantly higher than in other months; NH 3 -N levels were signi cantly higher in Jun and Augr than in other months. Forages in the green grass stage have high protein and carbohydrate content [21], and Tibetan sheep can produce high NH 3 -N levels after eating them by increasing the level of the main rumen community in the rumen [22]. In this study, in Aug, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was in the green grass stage, with rich pasture species and high nutrient levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Interactions Among Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, the Microbiota, and Host Gene Expression in Response to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations in Tibetan Sheep

Liu

Sha

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: As an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which is related to their special adaptations to the plateau. Microbes (known as “second genomes”) play an important role in the host adaptations. However, there have been no reports on the effects of the interactions among rumen fermentation, the microbiota, and host gene expression on the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to high altitude.Results: Rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and rumen epithelial gene expression of Tibetan sheep in various months (February, April, June, August, October, and December) were analyzed. The results show that the rumen fermentation characteristics of Tibetan sheep differed in different months. The total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were highest in Oct and lowest in Jun. The Cellulase (CL) activity was highest in Feb (when it was significantly higher than in Aug and Oct), while the acidic xylanase (ACX) activity was highest in Apr, followed by Jun (and it was significantly higher in both Apr and Jun than in Feb, Aug, and Oct). In addition, the diversity and abundance of rumen microbes differed in different months. Bacteroidetes (53.4%) and Firmicutes (27.4%) were the dominant phyla. Prevotella_1 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant genera. The abundance of Prevotella_1 was highest in Jun (27.8%) and lowest in Dec (17.8%). Random forest analysis showed that Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group played important roles in rumen microbial composition in different months. In addition, the expression of CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 (ruminal epithelial barrier-related genes) was significantly higher in Apr than in Aug and Dec, while the expression of SGLT1 (nutrient absorption-related gene) was highest in Aug, but were significantly lower than CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 expression in the corresponding month. Correlation analysis showed that there were interactions among rumen fermentation characteristics.Conclusions: There was a certain correlation between rumen fermentation products, the microbiota, and host gene expression. The microbiota, and host gene expression, and the host adjusted the rumen fermentation and microbiota structure according to changes in ambient temperature, to adapt to the plateau environment.

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Tibetan Sheep Adapt to Plant Phenology in Alpine Meadows by Changing Rumen Microbial Community Structure and Function

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Characterizing rumen microbiota and CAZyme profile of Indian dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in response to different roughages

Interactions Among Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, the Microbiota, and Host Gene Expression in Response to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations in Tibetan Sheep

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