Characterizing rumen microbiota and CAZyme profile of Indian dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in response to different roughages

Abstract

In dromedary camels, which are pseudo-ruminants, rumen or C1 section of stomach is the main compartment involved in fiber degradation, as in true ruminants. However, as camels are adapted to the harsh and scarce grazing conditions of desert, their ruminal microbiota makes an interesting target of study. The present study was undertaken to generate the rumen microbial profile of Indian camel using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomics. The camels were fed three diets differing in the source of roughage. The comparative metagenomic analysis revealed greater proportions of significant differences between two fractions of rumen content followed by diet associated differences. Significant differences were also observed in the rumen microbiota collected at different time-points of the feeding trial. However, fraction related differences were more highlighted as compared to diet dependent changes in microbial profile from shotgun metagenomics data. Further, 16 genera were identified as part of the core rumen microbiome of Indian camels. Moreover, glycoside hydrolases were observed to be the most abundant among all Carbohydrate-Active enzymes and were dominated by GH2, GH3, GH13 and GH43. In all, this study describes the camel rumen microbiota under different dietary conditions with focus on taxonomic, functional, and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes profiles.

The gastrointestinal microbiome of browsing goats (Capra hircus)

“…This has contributed to the growing knowledge about the rumen microbiome to e.g., improve feed conversion efficiency [ 1 ], and animals’ health [ 2 ], and mitigate methane emissions [ 3 ]. The ruminants microbiome’s ability to digest plants with high fibre content resulted in a large number of metagenomic studies, given the interest of the biobased industries in discovering microorganisms and lignocellulolytic enzymes to apply to their industrial processes [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Effect of Clostridium butyricum Supplementation on in vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota With High Grain Substrate Varying With Media pH Levels

“…Several studies showed that Bacteroidota and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla existing within the rumen ecosystem (Amat et al, 2021 ; Hinsu et al, 2021 ; Virgínio Júnior et al, 2021 ). Consistently, the present study confirmed that Bacteroidota and Firmicutes are the top two predominant microbes regardless of media pH level or C. butyricum supplementation.…”

Foregut microbiology of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)

“…Another investigation aimed at generating a microbial profile for the forestomach of the Indian camel using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics technology was carried out by Hinsu et al (2021) . In their study, they investigated the effect of diet, digesta fraction, and breed of camel on bacterial diversity and function.…”

“…Other phyla among the most abundant were Proteobacteria, Fibrobacterota, Firmicutes-C, and Verrucomicrobiota. For carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, the glycoside hydrolases were the most abundant among all ( Hinsu et al, 2021 ).…”