Ti₃C₂ MXene-Based Nanobiosensors for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers

Abstract

This chapter provides information about basic properties of MXenes (2D nanomaterials) that are attractive for a design of various types of nanobiosensors. The second part of the chapter discusses MXene synthesis and various protocols for modification of MXene making it a suitable matrix for immobilization of bioreceptors such as antibodies, DNA aptamers or DNA molecules. The final part of the chapter summarizes examples of MXene-based nanobiosensors developed using optical, electrochemical and nanomechanical transducing schemes. Operational characteristics of such devices such as sensitivity, limit of detection, assay time, assay reproducibility and potential for multiplexing are provided. In particular MXene-based nanobiosensors for detection of a number of cancer biomarkers are shown here.

Versatile MXenes as electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions and phenolic moiety-containing industrial chemicals: recent development and prospects

“…The most appropriate combination involved the use of the etchant LiF/ HCl with the minimally intensive delamination method (MILD) instead of sonication to synthesize large MXene flakes with minimal defects. 87,91 Hence, the optimized etching process is cardinal to access individuals to a few layers of Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanoflakes. The water molecules and surface functional groups influence the MXene crystal structure.…”

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…100 Kalambate et al reviewed the progress of electrochemical (bio) sensors for the detection of biomarkers, pharmaceutical drugs, and environmental contaminants, including how the synthetic strategies and surface functionalization affect various properties of MXenes. 101 Many other excellent recent reviews of MXene-based sensors are also available, [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] and this work provides updates through 2023.…”