Thyroid Status in Pregnancy and in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives

Goolden, A. W. G.; Gartside, JuneM.; Sanderson, C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(67)92420-8

Cited by 68 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has been reported in several pathologic conditions including acute intermittent porphyria (21), estrogenproducing tumors (22) and occasionally during perphenazine treatment (23). Administration of exogenous estrogen, including estrogen-containing anovulatory agents, is a well-recognized cause of expanded TBG binding capacity (24). Furthermore, there are a few reported cases of genetically elevated levels of TBG (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Serum Thyroxine Levels in Euthyroid Narcotic Addicts¹

Webster

Coupal

Cushman

1973

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Twenty-two percent of 285 untreated, nongoitrous euthyroid narcotic addicts had serum thyroxine (T 4 ) levels above the upper limits of normal. The serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ) resin uptake was below the lower limits of normal in either 57% or 25% of the subjects depending on the assay method used. The mean thyroxinebinding globulin binding capacity in a small sample was significantly above that in a group of nonaddicts but within the normal range. Both absolute free thyroxine, when measured, and the free thyroxine index were normal in this 80% male population. There was no correlation of abnormal thyroid function with the history of specific drugs abused and there was no clinical evidence of hyperestrogenism. It appeared that successful methadone treatment was accompanied often by a return towards normal of T 4 levels and T 8 uptake. Thirty-six chronic methadone maintained patients had essentially normal T 4 measurements, and the T 3 resin uptake was normal in all in whom it was measured. Narcotic addiction may result in abnormalities of thyroxine transport which may produce distortions in some commonly used thyroid ftmction tests. (/ Clin Endocrinol Metab 37: 928, 1973)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Serum Thyroxine Levels in Euthyroid Narcotic Addicts¹

Webster

Coupal

Cushman

1973

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…Margulis 8c Leach (1967) found that the response to thyrotropic hormone stimulation, as judged by the thyroid uptake of 131I, is not altered by treatment with oral contraceptives for 3 to 5 years. In a variety of other studies the thyroid status of women taking oral contra¬ ceptives has been shown to remain normal as judged by calculation of the freethyroxine index (Bockner 8c Roman 1967;Gimlette 8c Pifanelli 1968;Schatz et al 1968;Winikoff 1971), determination of the free-thyroxine factor (Goolden et al 1967;Standeven 1969), and the finding of normal free-thyroxine values (Schatz et al 1968). Thus, the lack of effect of the oestrogen-progestin steroids on the thyroid gland of experimental animals has predicted quite well the absence of an effect on the euthyroid state in women.…”

Section: Metabolic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Metabolic Actions and Possible Toxic Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives in Animals and Man

Drill¹

1974

Acta Endocrinologica

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Data on contraceptive steroids derived from properly conducted and interpreted animal studies can serve to predict effects that may be expected to occur in women. Important also is the absence of certain effects of the steroids in both animals and man. Since the drugs are for human use it is necessary that adequate clinical studies be conducted to confirm the predictions made regarding effectiveness and safety. Selected topics of importance are discussed to summarize our knowledge in specific areas and to illustrate correlations between the effects of contraceptive steroids in animals and in women.The discovery and development of the first oral contraceptive by our labora¬ tories was the beginning of an extensive biological and clinical evaluation of these substances (Drill 1966). Indeed, the published papers available on oral contraceptives, oestrogens, progestins, and related articles on pregnancy, must now number in the thousands. Many of the publications are concerned with metabolic actions and possible side effects or toxic effects of the contraceptive steroids, but in the time allotted for my presentation this review must neces¬ sarily be limited to certain subjects. The areas of oral contraceptives selected * 4900 Searle Parkway, Skokie, 111., 60076.

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“…In general, hormonal contraception is nev ertheless associated with an euthyroid state of the patients, probably because of the un modified levels of free hormones, since the thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is in creased [1][2][3]. Presently, no data are avail able about the eventual contribution of pe ripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones during estroprogestin treatment to maintain the euthyroid state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%