Thyroid nodule prevalence among women in areas of high natural background radiation, Karunagappally, Kerala, India

Sreekumar, A; Jayalekshmi, P; Nandakumar, A. N.; Nair, Raghu Ram K.; Ahammed, Riyaz; Stolzmann, Paul; Koriyama, Chihaya; Akiba, Suminori; Nakamura, Seiichi; Konishi, Junji

doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02071-z

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, to date no increases in cancer rates have been observed in HBRAs, such as China [46] or in Poland, and an even lower cancer death rate has been observed in these countries [47]. Moreover, the prevalence of thyroiditis and hypothyroidism have not been shown to be correlated with natural radiation exposures in Karunagapally, India, which is a HBRA [48].…”

Section: High Background Radiation (Hbr) Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Physics Essentials Enable Deeper Understanding in Signaling and Crosstalk of the Carcinogenesis Paradigm "Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer"

Brücher

Däumer

Jamall

2022

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Radioactivity and radiation-induced mutations are believed to be primary causal examples of cancer-initiating events (stimulus). The assumption that an increase in cancer risk develops from any amount of radiation gave rise to the linear no-threshold model. This also led to the assumption that cancer is caused by somatic mutations as described by the somatic mutation theory. Against this backdrop, in actuality only ~5%-10% of cancers result from somatic mutations or its various modifications, while ~80% of cancers are still termed as 'sporadic', meaning that their cause is unknown. Therefore, both the linear no-threshold model and the somatic mutation theory have resulted in an incongruity in thinking. Decades of molecular and clinical research since 2012 led to the development of the cancer paradigm, "Epistemology of the origin of cancer", which explains why the majority of cancers originate as a result of a sixstep sequence of events. An understanding of the essentials of physics helps to explain the interconnections between physics and the biology of cancer. This allows for a much-needed reconciliation of past errors and leads to a deeper understanding of carcinogenesis.

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Section: High Background Radiation (Hbr) Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Physics Essentials Enable Deeper Understanding in Signaling and Crosstalk of the Carcinogenesis Paradigm "Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer"

Brücher

Däumer

Jamall

2022

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…A study from Kerala reported a prevalence of clinically detectable goiter of 12.2% [ 6 ]. Another recent study from Kerala found a sonological prevalence of thyroid nodules ≥ 1 cm in ~14% of the adult population [ 7 ]. Recognition of thyroid nodules is associated with a concern for malignancy, which occurs in 7-15% of nodules [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules

Tirupati,

Puthenveetil,

Lakkundi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Global data reports a low malignancy risk, whereas regional data report a variable risk of malignancy in Bethesda II thyroid nodules. The limited availability of surgical histopathology might have underestimated the risk of malignancy. Here, we report the prevalence of malignancy and its predictors in Bethesda II thyroid nodules for which the surgical histopathological diagnosis was available. Methods: This retrospective study was done at a tertiary healthcare center in South India between January 2008 and September 2015. Case records of adults with thyroid nodules who underwent surgery were collected. Patients with inadequate data were excluded from the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 563 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 36±12 years. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) was low in 87 (15.4%) patients whereas 362 (64.2%) patients had multinodular goiter (MNG). Sonographic evidence of suspicious cervical lymph node and microcalcification was seen in four (0.7%) and 48 (8.5%) patients, respectively. A total of 48 (8.5%) patients had thyroid carcinoma in the final histopathology. Of these, 42 (87.5%) had papillary thyroid carcinoma, five (10.4%) had follicular thyroid carcinoma and one (4.1%) had anaplastic carcinoma. Age, gender, and maximum nodule size were not associated with malignancy. Thyrotoxicosis was negatively associated with malignancy whereas multi-nodularity, thyroid calcification, or suspicious cervical lymph node on ultrasound and total thyroidectomy were positively associated with malignancy on univariate analysis. On binary logistic regression, only the former four, but not total thyroidectomy, were independent predictors of malignancy. Conclusions: We report a high (8.5%) prevalence of malignancy among South Indian patients with Bethesda II thyroid nodules. Thyroid microcalcification, presence of suspicious cervical lymph node on ultrasound, and multinodularity were associated with high and suppressed TSH with low risk of malignancy. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the study observations.

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“…Humans are exposed to natural sources of radiation every day (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Computed tomography (CT) has received increasing attention in previous years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the harm of low‑dose computed tomography radiation to the body (Review)

Shi

Sun

2022

Exp Ther Med

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Computed tomography (CT) is a modern examination method whose radiation characteristics vary depending on the population groups, the part of the body being examined, and other implementation conditions. The use of CT has become increasingly widespread. However, there is a growing concern regarding the harm caused by CT radiation. The opinions regarding whether low-dose CT can induce cancer differ. It is necessary to consider the research population, radiation characteristics, and different parts of the body being exposed to radiation before the application of radiation to ensure the knowledge used is scientifically sound and reasonable. Therefore, different studies have different opinions on whether low-dose CT induces cancer, and not all physicians are aware of this. The present review article aimed to impart relevant insights and a correct understanding of the hazardous effects of low-dose CT radiation on the human body and help physicians reduce unnecessary CT radiation exposure. Contents1. Introduction 2. Object and search criteria 3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria 4. Literature selection and data extraction 5. CT use and low-dose radiation 6. Conclusions HAI-MIN SHI 1,2 , ZHI-CHAO SUN 3,4 and FANG-HE JU 5,6

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Thyroid nodule prevalence among women in areas of high natural background radiation, Karunagappally, Kerala, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Physics Essentials Enable Deeper Understanding in Signaling and Crosstalk of the Carcinogenesis Paradigm "Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer"

Physics Essentials Enable Deeper Understanding in Signaling and Crosstalk of the Carcinogenesis Paradigm "Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer"

High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules

Understanding the harm of low‑dose computed tomography radiation to the body (Review)

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