Physics Essentials Enable Deeper Understanding in Signaling and Crosstalk of the Carcinogenesis Paradigm "Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer"

Abstract

Radioactivity and radiation-induced mutations are believed to be primary causal examples of cancer-initiating events (stimulus). The assumption that an increase in cancer risk develops from any amount of radiation gave rise to the linear no-threshold model. This also led to the assumption that cancer is caused by somatic mutations as described by the somatic mutation theory. Against this backdrop, in actuality only ~5%-10% of cancers result from somatic mutations or its various modifications, while ~80% of cancers are still termed as 'sporadic', meaning that their cause is unknown. Therefore, both the linear no-threshold model and the somatic mutation theory have resulted in an incongruity in thinking. Decades of molecular and clinical research since 2012 led to the development of the cancer paradigm, "Epistemology of the origin of cancer", which explains why the majority of cancers originate as a result of a sixstep sequence of events. An understanding of the essentials of physics helps to explain the interconnections between physics and the biology of cancer. This allows for a much-needed reconciliation of past errors and leads to a deeper understanding of carcinogenesis.