Thyroid Imaging in the Dog: Current Status and Future Directions

Taeymans, Olivier; Peremans, K.; Saunders, Jimmy

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03008.x

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Uptake of 99m TcO 4 À by the thyroid in normal dogs is described as symmetric. 13,15,16,27 Asymmetric thyroid uptake of 99m TcO 4 À has been found in animals with thyroid neoplasia or hyperthyroidism and in normal cats. 28 The reason for the asymmetry noted in the present study is unclear but it likely represents a normal feature of greyhounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Quantitative thyroid scintigraphy is an alternative method for assessing thyroid function. 13 The more commonly used radionuclides are technetium-99 m pertechnetate ( 99m TcO 4 À ) and isotopes of iodine ( 123 I and 131 I). 14 These radionuclides are actively trapped and concentrated by the follicular cells in the thyroid gland because of their similarities to stable iodine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy in Greyhounds Suspected of Primary Hypothyroidism

Pinilla

Shiel

Brennan

et al. 2009

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The existence of hypothyroidism in greyhounds remains controversial and its investigation is complicated by the low circulating thyroid hormone concentrations typically found in healthy dogs of this breed. Quantitative measurement of thyroidal technetium-99m pertechnetate ((99m)TcO4-) uptake is known to be useful in assessing thyroid function in other breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid scintigraphy as a method of assessing thyroid function in greyhounds suspected of primary hypothyroidism. Twenty greyhounds (eight females, 12 males) were studied. Thirteen had bald thigh syndrome and seven poor performance and low total T4. Total T4 concentrations were decreased in 18 (90%), and free T4 in two (10%) dogs. All canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations were within the reference interval. Thyroidal (99m)TcO4- uptake values (mean +/- SD, 0.76 +/- 0.26%) were within the reference limits published for euthyroid dogs (0.39-1.86%) making hypothyroidism highly unlikely. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) when comparing data between dogs with bald thigh syndrome (13 dogs) and the remaining dogs (seven dogs). Seventeen (85%) dogs had higher uptake in the left thyroid gland than in the right that might reflect an anatomic feature of the greyhound breed. Calculation of percent thyroidal uptake of (99m)TcO4- is more accurate than thyroid: salivary gland ratios because of high variability in salivary gland uptake. Percent thyroidal uptake of (99m)TcO4- should be used when assessing thyroid function scintigraphically in the greyhound breed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy in Greyhounds Suspected of Primary Hypothyroidism

Pinilla

Shiel

Brennan

et al. 2009

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…However, the ultrasonographic appearance of the enlarged thyroid lobe is not predictive of its histopathological characterisation (Scharner and Kappe 2009). CT examination of the thyroid glands in man and cats describe the thyroid gland as a hyperattenuating structure compared to surrounding tissues, with an attenuation value of 80-100 HU in man and 123 HU in cats (Taeymans et al 2007). Intravenous injection of iodinated contrast medium increases the attenuation of the gland diffusely.…”

Section: The Inset Panel Depicts Lymphatic Vessels With a Tumour Embomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In man, CT can potentially differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid diseases by evaluating the change in attenuation after i.v. contrast injection (Taeymans et al 2007). In horses i.v.…”

Section: The Inset Panel Depicts Lymphatic Vessels With a Tumour Embomentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nuclear imaging for a mixed C cell microfollicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland in a mature horse

Saulez

Viljoen

Kafka³

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryA 15-year-old Boerperd stallion presented for thyroid enlargement associated with inappetance. Ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland revealed an enlarged left lobe, which, on cytological examination, contained numerous anaplastic cells. A mixed C cell microfollicular thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed following histopathological examination of the excisional biopsy specimen. In order to determine metastasis, pulmonary radiographs revealed a poorly-marginated soft tissue opacity caudo-dorsal to the cardiac silhouette. Thyroid and pulmonary scintigraphy was performed comparing 99m Tc-sestamibi with 99mTc-pertechnetate and no metastasis was detectable. Following hemithyroidectomy, the stallion made a full recovery without the need for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Six months later, repeated thyroid and pulmonary scintigraphy using 99m Tc-sestamibi was normal.

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“…1,2 Ultrasound, scintigraphy, helical computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used for the diagnosis and characterization of thyroid masses in dogs. [3][4][5][6] When a thyroid lesion is suspected, ultrasound is usually performed in the awake patient to confirm the presence of a nodule or mass, characterize the lesion, and assess the status of the contralateral gland. Ultrasound can accurately guide fine needle aspirates and thyroid lesion biopsies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental and Nonincidental Canine Thyroid Tumors Assessed by Multidetector Row Computed Tomography: A Single‐centre Cross Sectional Study in 4520 Dogs

Bertolini

Drigo

Angeloni

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Thyroid nodules are common in dogs and are increasingly likely to be detected with the increased use of advanced imaging modalities. An unsuspected, nonpalpable, asymptomatic lesion, defined as a thyroid incidentaloma, may be discovered on an imaging study unrelated to the thyroid gland. The objective of this single-center cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of incidental and nonincidental thyroid tumors in a large population of dogs, using prospective recruitment of patients undergoing CT examination for various reasons during the period of 2005-2015. Unilateral or bilateral thyroid masses were detected in 96/4520 dogs (prevalence, 2.12%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-2.54%). Seventy-nine (82.3%) lesions were malignant and 17 (17.7%) were benign. Masses were discovered incidentally in 34/96 dogs (overall prevalence of incidentaloma, 0.76%; 95% CI, 0.51-1.02), and 24 (70.6%) of these 34 masses were thyroid carcinomas. Among the CT variables assessed, mineralization, vascular invasion, and tissue invasion were detected only in malignant tumors. Intratumoral vascularization was significantly associated with the presence of thyroid malignancy (P < 0.001). Although incidental thyroid nodules in dogs are relatively rare, they are often malignant. Findings indicated that the neck should be thoroughly assessed in middle-aged and old patients undergoing body CT for various reasons. Thyroid nodules detected incidentally on CT should be sampled to avoid missing thyroid cancer.

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Thyroid Imaging in the Dog: Current Status and Future Directions

Cited by 32 publications

References 92 publications

Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy in Greyhounds Suspected of Primary Hypothyroidism

Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy in Greyhounds Suspected of Primary Hypothyroidism

The use of nuclear imaging for a mixed C cell microfollicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland in a mature horse

Incidental and Nonincidental Canine Thyroid Tumors Assessed by Multidetector Row Computed Tomography: A Single‐centre Cross Sectional Study in 4520 Dogs

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