Thyroid hormones affect decidualization and angiogenesis in the decidua and metrial gland of rats

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Hormônios tireoidianos afetam a decidualização e a angiogênese na decídua e glândula metrial de ratas.] Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos hormônios tireoidianos sobre a decídua e a glândula metrial pela análise da expressão de fatores angiogênicos em ratas. 72 ratas adultas, fêmeas foram distribuídas nos grupos hipotiroideo, tratado com T 4 e controle. Aos 10, 14 e 19 dias de gestação (DG), a decídua e a glândula metrial foram coletadas para avaliação histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica da expressão de VEGF, Flk-1 e Tie-2. O hipotireoidismo reduziu a área da decídua aos 10 e 19 DG. Além disso, o VEGF aumentou aos 10 e 14 DG e o Flk-1 apenas aos 14 DG, mas ambos foram reduzidos aos 19 DG na glândula metrial sem alterar significativamente a área ocupada pelos vasos sanguíneos. As ratas tratadas com T 4 apresentaram aumento do número de vasos sanguíneos na decídua aos 10 e 19 DG. Além disso, aos 10 DG, o excesso de T 4 resultou no aumento de Flk-1 na decídua e na glândula metrial. O hipotireoidismo aumentou o Tie-2 em 10 e 19 DG na decídua e na glândula metrial. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o hipotireoidismo reduz a área da decídua e aumenta a expressão de VEGF, Tie-2 e Flk-1. O excesso de T 4 promove a angiogênese tecidual ao aumentar o número de vasos na decídua devido ao aumento da expressão de Flk-1. , and control groups. At 10, 14 and 19 days of gestation (DG), the decidua and metrial gland were collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of VEGF, Flk-1 and Tie-2. Hypothyroidism reduced the area of the decidua at 10 and 19 DG. Furthermore, VEGF was increased at 10 and 14 DG, and Flk-1 only at 14 DG, but both was reduced at 19 DG in the metrial gland without significantly changing the area occupied by blood vessels. Rats treated with T 4 showed an increase in the decidua blood vessels at 10 and 19 DG. However, at 10 DG, excess T 4 resulted in increased of Flk-1 in the decidua and metrial gland. Hypothyroidism increased the Tie-2 at 10 and 19 DG in the decidua and metrial gland. In conclusion, hypothyroidism reduces the area of the decidua and increases the expression of VEGF, Tie-2 and Flk-1. The excess of T 4 promotes tissue angiogenesis by increasing the number of vessels in the decidua because of the increased expression of Flk-1.INDEX TERMS: Thyroid hormones, decidualization, angiogenesis, decidua, metrial gland, rats. thyroxine, PTU. 1003 Thyroid hormones affect decidualization and angiogenesis in the decidua and metrial gland of rats

The Thyroid Hormone Axis and Female Reproduction

“…THs appear to facilitate decidualization, as evidenced by their impairment in hypothyroid rats [ 112 ]. Some of these effects may be mediated through altered expression of growth factors and angiogenic molecules such as VEGF [ 113 , 114 ]. Increased levels of leukemia inhibitory factor may also explain this phenomenon, as it is known to be involved in the process of decidualization and implantation and demonstrate elevated expression in response to TSH [ 23 , 115 ].…”

Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats

“…Maternal hypothyroidism is one of the most common gestational metabolic disorders and affects around 2–3% of the population [ 1 ]. Women with maternal hypothyroidism have an increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth, placental abruption, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], while in hypothyroid female rats the placental development is compromised, with alteration of immunology and trophoblastic endocrine function [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In addition, a recent study demonstrated that maternal hypothyroidism also causes oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress at the maternal-fetal interface of rats [ 15 ], suggesting that this cellular stress may result from the failure of intrauterine trophoblastic migration observed in these animals [ 12 ].…”

Maternal Hyperthyroidism in Rats Alters the Composition and Gene Expression of the Matrix Produced In Vitro by Chondrocytes from Offspring with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

“…Our team has studied the changes in the maternal-fetal interface caused by thyroid dysfunctions that result in placental insufficiency and consequently in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [6][7][8][9][10]. IUGR predisposes adults to diseases of the locomotor system, such as osteoarthritis [11].…”