Thyroid function and the development of endothermy in a marsupial, the Tasmanian bettong, Bettongia gaimardi (Demarest 1822)

Rose, R. W.; Kuswanti, Nur

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.11.007

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with the view (36-38) that thyroid hormones are regulators of mitochondrial function, because they are known to increase oxygen consumption (39,40) and stimulate cytochrome c oxidase activity (37). In addition, a direct mitochondrial T3 pathway has been implicated in cellular differentiation (41).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution

Uddin¹,

Goodman

Erez

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The human genome evolution project seeks to reveal the genetic underpinnings of key phenotypic features that are distinctive of humans, such as a greatly enlarged cerebral cortex, slow development, and long life spans. This project has focused predominantly on genotypic changes during the 6-million-year descent from the last common ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees. Here, we argue that adaptive genotypic changes during earlier periods of evolutionary history also helped shape the distinctive human phenotype. Using comparative genome sequence data from 10 vertebrate species, we find a signature of human ancestry-specific adaptive evolution in 1,240 genes during their descent from the LCA with rodents. We also find that the signature of adaptive evolution is significantly different for highly expressed genes in human fetal and adult-stage tissues. Functional annotation clustering shows that on the ape stem lineage, an especially evident adaptively evolved biological pathway contains genes that function in mitochondria, are crucially involved in aerobic energy production, and are highly expressed in two energy-demanding tissues, heart and brain. Also, on this ape stem lineage, there was adaptive evolution among genes associated with human autoimmune and aging-related diseases. During more recent human descent, the adaptively evolving, highly expressed genes in fetal brain are involved in mediating neuronal connectivity. Comparing adaptively evolving genes from pre-and postnatal-stage tissues suggests that different selective pressures act on the development vs. the maintenance of the human phenotype.fetal ͉ human disease ͉ mitochondria ͉ placenta ͉ thyroid

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution

Uddin¹,

Goodman

Erez

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…1985; Singer et al. 1995; Rose & Kuswanti, 2004). The young of M. eugenii at birth have an energy metabolism similar to that of reptiles and they only attain a ‘mammalian’ level of energy metabolism much later during pouch life (Hulbert, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal lung and metabolic development in two marsupial and four eutherian species

Szdzuy¹,

Zeller²,

Renfree

et al. 2008

Journal of Anatomy

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Two marsupial species ( Monodelphis domestica, Macropus eugenii ) and four eutherian species (Mesocricetus auratus, Suncus murinus, Tupaia belangeri and Cavia aperea ) were examined to compare and contrast the timing of lung and metabolic development during the postnatal maturation of the mammalian respiratory apparatus. Using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the lung structural changes were correlated with indirect calorimetry to track the metabolic development. Marsupial and eutherian species followed the same pattern of mammalian lung development, but differed in the developmental pace. In the two newborn marsupial species, the lung parenchyma was at the early terminal sac stage, with large terminal air sacs, and the lung developed slowly. In contrast, the newborn eutherian species had more advanced lungs at the late terminal sac stage in altricial species ( M. auratus, S. murinus ) and at the alveolar stage in precocial species ( T. belangeri, C. aperea ). Postnatal lung development proceeded rapidly in eutherian species. The marsupial species had a low metabolic rate at birth and achieved adult metabolism late in postnatal development. In contrast, newborn eutherian species had high metabolic rates and reached adult metabolism during the first week of life. The time course of the metabolic development is thus tightly linked to the structural differentiation of the lungs and the timing of postnatal lung development. These differences in the neonatal lung structure and the timing of postnatal lung maturation between marsupial and eutherian species reflect their differing reproductive strategies.

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“…; Singer et al. ; Rose & Kuswanti, ). Marsupial juveniles effectively maintain a fetal metabolism after birth (Singer, ), supporting the suggestion of Zeller et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of neonates of the three major mammalian groups (monotremes, marsupials, placentals) and implications for the ancestral mammalian neonate morphotype

2017

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The existing different modes of reproduction in monotremes, marsupials and placentals are the main source for our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the mammalian reproduction. The reproductive strategies and, in particular, the maturity states of the neonates differ remarkably between the three groups. Monotremes, for example, are the only extant mammals that lay eggs and incubate them for the last third of their embryonic development. In contrast, marsupials and placentals are viviparous and rely on intra-uterine development of the neonates via choriovitelline (mainly marsupials) and chorioallantoic (mainly placentals) placentae. The maturity of a newborn is closely linked to the parental care strategy once the neonate is born. The varying developmental degrees of neonates are the main focus of this study. Monotremes and marsupials produce highly altricial and nearly embryonic offspring. Placental mammals always give birth to more developed newborns with the widest range from altricial to precocial. The ability of a newborn to survive and grow in the environment it was born in depends highly on the degree of maturation of vital organs at the time of birth. Here, the anatomy of four neonates of the three major extant mammalian groups is compared. The basis for this study is histological and ultrastructural serial sections of a hatchling of Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), and neonates of Monodelphis domestica (Marsupialia), Mesocricetus auratus (altricial Placentalia) and Macroscelides proboscideus (precocial Placentalia). Special attention was given to the developmental stages of the organs skin, lung, liver and kidney, which are considered crucial for the maintenance of vital functions. The state of the organs of newborn monotremes and marsupials are found to be able to support a minimum of vital functions outside the uterus. They are sufficient to survive, but without capacities for additional energetic challenges. The organs of the altricial placental neonate are further developed, able to support the maintenance of vital functions and short-term metabolic increase. The precocial placental newborn shows the most advanced state of organ development, to allow the maintenance of vital functions, stable thermoregulation and high energetic performance. The ancestral condition of a mammalian neonate is interpreted to be similar to the state of organ development found in the newborns of marsupials and monotremes. In comparison, the newborns of altricial and precocial placentals are derived from the ancestral state to a more mature developmental degree associated with advanced organ systems.

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Thyroid function and the development of endothermy in a marsupial, the Tasmanian bettong, Bettongia gaimardi (Demarest 1822)

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution

Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution

Postnatal lung and metabolic development in two marsupial and four eutherian species

Comparative anatomy of neonates of the three major mammalian groups (monotremes, marsupials, placentals) and implications for the ancestral mammalian neonate morphotype

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