Postnatal lung and metabolic development in two marsupial and four eutherian species

Szdzuy, Kirsten; Zeller, Ulrich; Renfree, Marilyn B.; Tzschentke, B.; Janke, Oliver

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00849.x

Cited by 26 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…In altricial species, the lungs are characterized by a well-developed bronchial system, which terminates in small sacs ( Table 2). The septa between the terminal sacs have a double-capillary net with a small amount of interstitium, so that they appear relatively thin (Szdzuy et al, 2008). Postnatal lung development is rapid and the formation of alveoli starts in Mesocricetus auratus at the age of 2 days (Szdzuy, 2006), in Suncus murinus and Rattus rattus at 4 days (Burri, '74;Szdzuy, 2006), and in Mus musculus at 5 days (Ten Have-Opbroek, '80).…”

Section: Placentaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entirety of the numerous small alveoli provides a large gasexchange surface area. The alveoli are separated by a thin single-capillary septum, which is characteristic for the alveolar stage (Szdzuy et al, 2008). The newborn Cavia aperea and Macroscelides proboscideus are two typical representatives of this precocial lung type (Szdzuy, 2006 (Moore,'77), and presumably in other large species, this process occurs over a much longer period than in small eutherians (Baudinette et al,'88).…”

Section: Placentaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung and metabolic development in mammals: contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype

Szdzuy

Zeller²

2008

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Marsupials represent only 6% of all living mammals. Marsupialia and Placentalia are distinguished mainly by their modes of reproduction. In particular, the differences in the stage of development of the neonates may be one explanation for the divergent evolutionary success. In this respect one important question is whether the survivability of the neonate depends on the degree of maturation of the respiratory system relative to the metabolic capacity at the time of birth. Therefore, this review highlights the differences in lung morphology and metabolic development of extant Marsupialia and Placentalia. The Marsupial neonate is born with a low birth weight and is highly immature. The neonatal lung is characterized by large terminal sacs, a poorly developed bronchial system and late formation of alveoli. Marsupialia have a low metabolic rate at birth and attain adult metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capacity late in postnatal development. In contrast, the eutherian neonate is born with a relative high birth weight and is always more mature than marsupial neonates. The neonatal lung has small terminal sacs, the bronchial system is well developed and the formation of alveoli begins few days after birth. Placentalia have a high metabolic rate at birth and attain adult metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capacity early in postnatal development. The differences in the developmental degree of the newborn lung between Marsupialia and Placentalia have consequences for their metabolic and thermoregulatory capacity. These differences could be advantageous for Placentalia in the changing environments in which they evolved.

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Section: Placentaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Placentaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung and metabolic development in mammals: contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype

Szdzuy

Zeller²

2008

J Exp Zool Pt B

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“…The surge of catecholamines associated with the stress of parturition generally results in newborns having a higher massspecific V O2 (Bartlett and Areson, 1977;Mortola, 2001), with V O2 decreasing markedly within the first 24h after birth (Noblet and Le Dividich, 1981;Stewart et al, 1984). While previous studies have demonstrated the absence of this increased mass-specific metabolic rate in neonatal marsupials (Singer et al, 1995;MacFarlane and Frappell, 2001;Szdzuy et al, 2008), these studies were not concentrated on young in the first hours of life, where the newborn may have just recently attached to a teat and not yet fully settled. In addition to our newborn dunnarts, a hypometabolism during hypercapnia has also been described in the P5 opossum, albeit in conjunction with a hyperpnoea .…”

Section: Hypometabolism During Hypercapnia: a Novel Strategymentioning

confidence: 97%

The ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia is absent in the neonatal fat-tailed dunnart

Simpson

Fong

Cummings

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAt birth, the newborn fat-tailed dunnart relies on cutaneous gas exchange to meet metabolic demands, with continuous lung ventilation emerging several days later. We hypothesised that the delayed expression of lung ventilation (V E ) in these animals is in part due to a low responsiveness of the respiratory control system to blood gas perturbations. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the ventilatory and metabolic response to hypoxia (10% O 2 ) and hypercapnia (5% CO 2 ) using closed-system respirometry from birth to 23days postpartum (P). Neonatal fat-tailed dunnarts displayed no significant hypoxic or hypercapnic ventilatory responses at any age. Regardless, significant hyperventilation through a suppression of metabolic rate (V O2 ) was observed at birth in response to hypercapnia and in response to hypoxia at all ages, except P12. Therefore, reliance on cutaneous gas exchange during early life may be partially attributed to reduced chemosensitivity or a lack of central integration of chemosensitive afferent information. This may be in part due to the relative immaturity of this species at birth, compared with other mammals.

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“…Newborn Eutheria, on the other hand, feature a wide range of developmental stages, from altricial to precocial development, but they are always more advanced in development than marsupial neonates and undergo a rapid postnatal development ( Fig. 1C) (Hughes and Hall, 1998;Szdzuy, 2008;Szdzuy et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lung Development of Monotremes: Evidence for the Mammalian Morphotype

Ferner¹,

Zeller²,

Renfree

2008

The Anatomical Record

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The reproductive strategies and the extent of development of neonates differ markedly between the three extant mammalian groups: the Monotremata, Marsupialia, and Eutheria. Monotremes and marsupials produce highly altricial offspring whereas the neonates of eutherian mammals range from altricial to precocial. The ability of the newborn mammal to leave the environment in which it developed depends highly on the degree of maturation of the cardio-respiratory system at the time of birth. The lung structure is thus a reflection of the metabolic capacity of neonates. The lung development in monotremes (Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Tachyglossus aculeatus), in one marsupial (Monodelphis domestica), and one altricial eutherian (Suncus murinus) species was examined. The results and additional data from the literature were integrated into a morphotype reconstruction of the lung structure of the mammalian neonate. The lung parenchyma of monotremes and marsupials was at the early terminal air sac stage at birth, with large terminal air sacs. The lung developed slowly. In contrast, altricial eutherian neonates had more advanced lungs at the late terminal air sac stage and postnatally, lung maturation proceeded rapidly. The mammalian lung is highly conserved in many respects between monotreme, marsupial, and eutherian species and the structural differences in the neonatal lungs can be explained mainly by different developmental rates. The lung structure of newborn marsupials and monotremes thus resembles the ancestral condition of the mammalian lung at birth, whereas the eutherian newborns have a more mature lung structure.

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Postnatal lung and metabolic development in two marsupial and four eutherian species

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

Lung and metabolic development in mammals: contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype

Lung and metabolic development in mammals: contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype

The ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia is absent in the neonatal fat-tailed dunnart

Lung Development of Monotremes: Evidence for the Mammalian Morphotype

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