Thyroid eye disease: a review

Weiler, Danielle L.

doi:10.1111/cxo.12472

Cited by 98 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the diagnosis of TED can be rather subjective as there is no single clinical test or symptom that points towards TED 85 . Additionally, up to 10% of TED patients have no clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism and have no abnormalities in thyroid function 86 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves’ disease: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Chin

Lee

et al. 2020

Clinical Endocrinology

110

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Objective Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating condition that frequently manifests in patients suffering from Graves’ disease (GD). This study aims to analyse the prevalence of TED among GD patients, with a focus on geographical region‐specific rates. Methods Medline and Embase were searched for articles examining TED prevalence on April 2020, and articles were retrieved and sieved. Statistical analysis was performed after Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Thereafter, results were pooled with random effects by DerSimonian and Laird model. Results Fifty‐seven articles involving 26,804 patients were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of TED was 40% (CI: 0.32 to 0.48) and by continent was 38% (CI: 0.31 to 0.46) for Europe, 44% (CI: 0.32 to 0.56) for Asia, 27% (CI: 0.06 to 0.56) for North America and 58% (CI: 0.55 to 0.61) for Oceania. The prevalence of TED in Southeast Asia was 35% (CI: 0.24 to 0.47) and Middle East 48% (CI: 0.19 to 0.78). Subgroup analysis showed regions with predominantly Caucasians (37%; CI: 0.28 to 0.46) had a lower prevalence of TED compared to Asians (45%; CI: 0.33 to 0.58). The pooled prevalence of lid retraction was 57% (CI: 0.39 to 0.74), proptosis 57% (CI: 0.48 to 0.65), diplopia 36% (CI: 0.24 to 0.48) and ocular hypertension 13% (CI: 0.06 to 0.19). Conclusion A substantial proportion of patients with GD have TED and often manifest as lid retraction, proptosis and diplopia. Early detection through active screening might help to mitigate the progression of TED and its associated complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves’ disease: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Chin

Lee

et al. 2020

Clinical Endocrinology

110

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“…While the female-to-male ratio is 5-10/1 in Graves' Disease, it is about 2-5/1 in TO. The probability of thyroid ophthalmopathy increased in HLA-B8, HLA-DR3 and HLA-DAW3 haplotypes in the white race (9). As an autoimmune course, antithyroglobulin which is an autoantibody responsible for the disease is directed against thyroid-derived thyroglobulin and attacks extraocular muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in thyroid ophthalmopathy

Çelik¹

2017

BLL

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels to predict the severity of infl ammation in thyroid ophthalmopathy (TO). METHODS: Fifty-six patients with TO and 40 healthy subjects were included in this study. TO patients were divided into two groups according to clinical activity score (CAS). Group 1 included 24 active TO patients and Group 2 included 32 inactive TO patients. The thyroid status, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were performed. NLR was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. RESULTS: The mean age was 53.6 ± 5.4 in active TO group, 54.2 ± 5.6 in inactive TO group, and 52.7 ± 5.2 in the control group. The WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and NLR levels were higher in patients with TO than in the control group (p < 0.05). A signifi cant difference in NLR was found between the inactive and active TO groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NLR values were found to be higher in patients with TO than in controls. NLRvalues were also found higher in active TO patients than in inactive TO patients (Tab. 3, Ref. 26). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Thyroid‐associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune phenomenon characterized by a constellation of signs and symptoms that result from the inflammation and enlargement of the orbital soft tissues . TAO is considered to be the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune thyroid disorder that affects nearly 1% of women in the United States .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%