Thyroid Diseases in the Byzantine Era

Marketos, S.; Eftychiadis, A.C.; Koutras, D. A.

doi:10.1177/014107689008300218

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Der spanisch-arabische Arzt Albucasis, der 952 nach Christus eine erfolgreiche Thyreoidektomie durchführte, beschrieb bereits Instrumente zur therapeutischen Punktion der Schilddrüse, die an heutige Spritzen erinnern [1,2]. Noch früher datieren die aus dem antiken Griechenland und später aus Byzanz stammenden Berichte über Punktionen der Schilddrüse [3,4]. Im 19.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

So wird die Feinnadelpunktion der Schilddrüse in Österreich durchgeführt – die Ergebnisse einer landesweiten Umfrage

Zettinig

Buchinger²,

Krebs

2018

J. Klin. Endokrinol. Stoffw.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

So wird die Feinnadelpunktion der Schilddrüse in Österreich durchgeführt – die Ergebnisse einer landesweiten Umfrage

Zettinig

Buchinger²,

Krebs

2018

J. Klin. Endokrinol. Stoffw.

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“…7 Both Greek and Byzantine medical and civil (as well as legal) literature includes descriptions of goiter about 1000 years earlier than does western medical literature. 6 Enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter appears in artworks of many cultures, with this condition being represented in numerous sculptures, bas-reliefs, paintings and drawings of the last few centuries. However, although these are described in Merke's monograph, 7 the Byzantine sacral artworks displaying evidence of this and other medical conditions are largely ignored.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 With regard to Byzantine sacral paintings, depictions of goiter appear very early, i.e. from the 7 th century ( Figure 1), numerous sacral artworks bearing evidence of representation of (endemic) goiter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goiter depicted in Byzantine artworks

Józsa¹

2010

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Pathologies depicted in sacral works of western civilisation are widely known. However, in this regard, the very rich and important Byzantine art, and particularly sacral art, has been largely ignored. research carried out on 500 artworks has disclosed 119 pictures revealing 36 different physiological conditions (gravidity, labour) or pathological conditions (goiter, joint diseases, palsy etc.). Goiter, most likely as a result of iodine deficiency, is portrayed in 42 individuals (6 females, 14 males, 4 children and 18 angels). However, although the Byzantine sacral artworks give evidence of many pathological conditions, the diagnosed pathologies cannot be considered representative of the general population.

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“…[15] They associated it with nervousness and changes in the mood. In their legal literature, they mention that these people are unfit for work.…”

Section: Early Centuries-byzantine Persianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroidology over the ages

Niazi

Kalra

Irfan

et al. 2011

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Thyroidolody, the study of the thyroid gland, is considered to be a relatively new field of endocrinology. However, references to the thyroid gland and its diseases can be seen in the literature of ancient Greek, Indian and Egyptian medicine. Goiter has always been a disease of immense interest of the general population due to its widespread prevalence. It is one of the most common medical problems portrayed in ancient paintings. Owing to the lack of awareness and poor nutritious habits of the people in that era, diseases such as iodine deficiency goiter were common. Physicians, healers and philosophers had been attempting time and again until the 19th century to come up with explanations of the thyroid gland and provide a reasonable basis of its diseases. Although the discovery of thyroid gland, its structure, function and diseases has been accredited to modern scientists who presented their work mostly in the 19th and 20th century, it is of significance to note that much of what we discovered in the 19th and 20th century had already been known centuries ago. This review attempts to explain the knowledge of thyroid gland, its function and diseases as held by the people in the previous centuries; and how this knowledge evolved over the years to become what it is today.

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Thyroid Diseases in the Byzantine Era

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

So wird die Feinnadelpunktion der Schilddrüse in Österreich durchgeführt – die Ergebnisse einer landesweiten Umfrage

So wird die Feinnadelpunktion der Schilddrüse in Österreich durchgeführt – die Ergebnisse einer landesweiten Umfrage

Goiter depicted in Byzantine artworks

Thyroidology over the ages

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