Goiter depicted in Byzantine artworks

Józsa, László

doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1287

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This could also be true for the neck and may explain the many paintings in which the depicted individuals were carrier of a goiter (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). But a widespread depiction of goiter as shown in van der Weyden's subjects does not match with the geographic origin of the models that are presumably from Belgium and the Netherlands in which severe iodine-deficiency was not common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The occurrence of goiter was endemic in landlocked regions where a deficiency of iodine was common. Indeed, the gland enlargement appears in artworks and monographs of many cultures geographically linked to areas of iodine deficiency, including the Balkans, the Byzantine Empire, Alpine regions of Northern Italy and Switzerland, and the foothills of Apennine communities in central Italy (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Innumerable figures with goiters in paintings and drawings can be found in iconographic Byzantine art (1) and later among major Italian and Spanish Renaissance artists (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goiter in Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden (1399–1464)

Lazzeri

Pozzilli

Zhang

et al. 2015

Thyroid

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Figures affected by goiter were only sparsely depicted by Peter Paul Rubens and Albrecht Dürer among Flemish artists, because obvious goiter was not common in regions such as the Netherlands and Belgium. However, the recent observation of two figures with a goiter elegantly depicted by Rogier van der Weyden has raised our interest in this topic. When taking a close look at the paintings of this Flemish Renaissance painter, it is interesting to note that 16 portrayed subjects show an abnormal profile of the neck with swelling, suggestive of a presumptive medico-artistic diagnosis of goiter. Van der Weyden travelled to Italy where he soon acquired great fame and was second only to the other Flemish painter of the time, Jan Van Eyck. It is very likely that in Italy he had the opportunity to look at several female figures depicted with goiter, which may have influenced his paintings. Van der Weyden was appreciated because of his style to mix realistic details with idealized softened features to increase the beauty and appeal of his models. It is also likely that the integration of the goiter may have been part of the Renaissance tendency toward a more realistic and precise representation of subjects. The fact that in almost all cases the goiter was a low-to-moderate grade enlargement of the thyroid may confirm our speculation that perhaps the painter used the same model or the template derived from one model for subsequent paintings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goiter in Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden (1399–1464)

Lazzeri

Pozzilli

Zhang

et al. 2015

Thyroid

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“…Józsa [14] focused attention on Byzantine art on the assumption that endemic goiter was common in the landlocked mountain regions of the Byzantine Empire. After review of 500 artworks, he identified 42 cases of thyroid enlargement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of Byzantine art was not to represent pathological conditions but rather, especially in sacral art, to aspire to individual sanctity. For this reason, Józsa [14] concluded that only a small number and aspects of the population’s prevailing diseases are visible in artworks from this period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Swelling: A Common Phenomenon in Art?

et al. 2018

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Representations of thyroid swelling, intended as an enlarged anterior neck region, in the artworks of various periods are sporadically reported in the scientific literature, and different intents may be hypothesized. A comprehensive review of the international literature was performed on PubMed, Embase, and ResearchGate with the aim to analyze the modalities of representation of thyroid swelling through the ages by different artistic movements. Thyroid swelling is frequently represented in the artworks of many stylistic periods and seems to be a known condition even by the earliest cultures. Thyroid swelling may be considered a common finding among forms of art distant in time and style. It is not always possible to define whether thyroid swelling is a realistic representation or a detail added by the author. Although the function of the gland was discovered only at the end of the 19th century, thanks to the artworks of authors in many cultures, it is nowadays possible to formulate hypotheses about the distribution of thyroid diseases over the centuries.

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“…En el Renacimiento, Paracelso lo atribuye a la falta de minerales en el agua, y se describen endemias en los cantones de Valais, los Grisones, Utervaz, Zizers e Igis, en la cuenca del Lena, Rusia, Polonia, Ginebra e Italia. En 1610, Jessenius describe que la gente considera el bocio como una forma de adorno (14). En el siglo XVIII, Sausure de Ginebra hace una notable descripción del cretinismo endémico, aunque algunos médicos atribuyen el cuadro a un raquitismo avanzado.…”

Section: Medicinaunclassified

Historia del bocio endémico, desde Sheng-Nung hasta los programas de yodación universal de la sal en Latinoamérica

2018

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Comparte ResumenLa historia del descubrimiento del yodo y la importancia que ha tenido sobre la salud ha sido apasionante. Desde las descripciones realizadas siglos atrás, en las que se consideraba al bocio como una consecuencia de la ingesta de agua, considerar su aparición desde una perspectiva "supersticiosa", hasta establecer que su presencia era una característica de "adorno y belleza" para quienes lo padecían, mucho se ha escrito respecto a la deficiencia y al exceso de yodo en la población. Desde el momento en que Bernard Courtois descubre el yodo en 1811, las indicaciones sobre su utilidad en algunas enfermedades se extendieron casi sistemáticamente. Entre estas condiciones en salud se destacaron las infecciosas, neurológicas, reumatológicas, respiratorias, endocrinológicas, entre otras. En esta revisión abordamos los aspectos históricos más relevantes del yodo, y cómo éste se ha asociado con el desarrollo físico, social, demográfico y mental de la humanidad desde tiempos inmemoriales.Palabras claves: Yodo; Hipotiroidismo; Hipertiroidismo; Bocio; Historia. AbstractThe history of the discovery of iodine and the importance it has had on health has been exciting. From the descriptions made centuries ago, where goiter was considered a consequence of water intake and consider its appearance from a "superstitious" perspective, until establishing that its presence was a characteristic of "adornment and beauty" for those who suffered, much has been written about the deficiency and excess of iodine in the population. From the moment that Bernard Courtois discovered iodine in 1811, the indications about its usefulness in some diseases spread almost systematically. Among these conditions in health, infectious, neurological, rheumatological, respiratory, endocrinological, among others, stood out. In this review, we address the most relevant sequential historical aspects of iodine, and how it has been associated with the physical, social, demographic and mental development of humanity from time immemorial.

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Goiter depicted in Byzantine artworks

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Goiter in Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden (1399–1464)

Goiter in Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden (1399–1464)

Thyroid Swelling: A Common Phenomenon in Art?

Historia del bocio endémico, desde Sheng-Nung hasta los programas de yodación universal de la sal en Latinoamérica

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