Thyroid cancer

Cabanillas, Maria E.; McFadden, David G.; Durante, Cosimo

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30172-6

Cited by 1,179 publications

(1,129 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…As other thyroid cancers, surgery is the mainstay for MTC management; however, imaging and diagnosis before surgery are necessary for determining the best surgical intervention [1]. As the diagnosis of MTC is made, the patient should undergo neck ultrasonography and tumor markers (calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen) evaluation.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease.…”

Section: Detailed Epidemiology Of Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously and more commonly, thyroid gland malignancies were used to be categorized to three types: diferentiated thyroid cancers (such as papillary and follicular thyroid cancers), anaplastic carcinomas, and rare types of thyroid cancer (like medullary thyroid cancer). A newly released classiication categorizes thyroid malignancies to two main follicular-derived and neuroendocrine C-cellderived types [1], which will be discussed in detail in following lines. Figure 2 illustrates this classiication in order for beter clariication.…”

Section: Categories Of Thyroid Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papillary thyroid cancer has the best overall prognosis [1]; however, there are some static and dynamic prognostic factors, which inluence this prognosis [24]. Static prognostic factors help with decision-making on therapeutic strategies and are usually based on patient's background or indings of preoperative imaging studies, intra-operative, and post-operative pathological indings.…”

Section: Papillary Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Epidemiology Of Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Categories Of Thyroid Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Papillary Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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“…There is debate regarding the clinical implications of these mutations, and some studies suggest a greater aggressiveness of papillary cancer carrying BRAF mutation for instance. However, the fact that about 50-70% of papillary tumors harbor a BRAF mutation, and most of these cancers are indolent, suggests that there are other important determinants of clinical behavior [3]. In addition, mutations in TERT have been identified in a more aggressive subset of papillary thyroid cancer.…”

Section: Genetics Of Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors in Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Preclinical In vitro Evidences

F¹,

Tumino²,

Frasca³

2016

Endocrinol Metab Syndr

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Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) are rare but highly aggressive malignancies with an extremely short survival. Poor prognosis is due to their unlimited growth, invasion, migration and resistance to common anticancer therapies. Advances in understanding the molecular alterations in thyroid carcinomas led to development of new therapeutic strategies such as kinase inhibitors. Although several of these compounds have been approved by FDA and EMA for the treatment of radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), no significant clinical efficacy with targeted therapies have been observed in those patients.Herein, we review and summarize the preclinical in vitro evidences of mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibitors currently used in PDTC and ATC patients.

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Global Burden of Thyroid Cancer From 1990 to 2017

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Thyroid cancer is the most pervasive endocrine cancer worldwide. Studies examining the association between thyroid cancer and country, sex, age, sociodemographic index (SDI), and other factors are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the thyroid cancer burden and variation trends at the global, regional, and national levels using data on sex, age, and SDI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this cross-sectional study, epidemiologic data were gathered using the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering persons of all ages with thyroid cancer in 195 countries and 21 regions from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2017; data analysis was completed on October 1, 2019. All participants met the Global Burden of Disease Study inclusion criteria. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes included incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer. Measures were stratified by sex, region, country, age, and SDI.The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and age-standardized rates were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends. RESULTSIncreases of thyroid cancer were noted in incident cases (169%), deaths (87%), and DALYs (75%). Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed an upward trend over time, with an EAPC of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.51-1.67); decreases were noted in EAPCs of age-standardized death rate (−0.15; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.12) and age-standardized DALY rate (−0.11; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.08). Almost half (41.73% for incidence, 50.92% for deaths, and 54.39% for DALYs) of the thyroid cancer burden was noted in Southern and Eastern Asia. In addition, females accounted for most of the thyroid cancer burden (70.22% for incidence, 58.39% for deaths, and 58.68% for DALYs) and increased by years in this population, although the ASIR of males with thyroid cancer (EAPC, 2.18; 95% CI, 2.07-2.28) increased faster than that of females (EAPC, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.30-1.46). A third (34%) of patients with thyroid cancer resided in countries with a high SDI, and most patients were aged 50 to 69 years, which was older than the age in other quintiles (high SDI quintile compared with all other quintiles, P<.05). The most common age at onset of thyroid cancer worldwide was 15 to 49 years in female individuals compared with 50 to 69 years in male individuals (P<.05). Death from thyroid cancer was concentrated in participants aged 70 years or older and increased by years (average annual percentage change, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.21; P<.05). Furthermore, people in lower SDI quintiles developed thyroid cancer and died from it earlier than those in other quintiles (high and high-middle SDI vs low and low-middle SDI, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEData from this study suggest considerable heterogeneity in the epidemiologic patterns of thyroid cancer across sex, age, SDI, region, and country, providing Key Points Question What were the epidemiologic patterns and variation in the trends of thyroid cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2017? Findings In this cross-sectional study covering data on incidence, deaths, and disabi...

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Thyroid cancer

Cited by 1,179 publications

References 101 publications

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors in Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Preclinical In vitro Evidences

Global Burden of Thyroid Cancer From 1990 to 2017

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