Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Silva, I dos Santos; Swerdlow, Anthony

doi:10.1038/bjc.1990.201

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Women with CIN 2–3 lesions or invasive cancers were considered as true‐positive cases for the estimation of test accuracy. The estimates for sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulae for these test characteristics 3. Since all evaluable women received the reference investigations (colposcopy or histopathology), the calculations were made directly using a 2 × 2 contingency table, without verification bias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India

Sankaranarayanan

Wesley

Somanathan

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

182

154

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Simple and inexpensive methods based on visual examination of the cervix are currently being investigated as alternative methods of cervical screening. The test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA), and Lugol's iodine (VILI) and conventional cytology were investigated in a crosssectional study involving 4,444 women aged 25 to 65 years in Kerala, India. While detection of any acetowhite area constituted a low-threshold positive VIA, detection of well-defined, opaque acetowhite lesions close to or touching the squamocolumnar junction constituted a high-threshold positive VIA test. Detection of definite yellow iodine nonuptake areas in the transformation zone close to or touching the squamocolumnar junction constituted a positive VILI test. Cytology was considered positive if reported as atypia or worse lesions. All screened women were evaluated by colposcopy and biopsies were directed in 1,644 women (37.0%), which allowed the direct estimation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. The reference diagnosis was based on a combination of histology and/or colposcopy. Cytology-based screening is not feasible in many developing countries at high risk for cervical cancer in view of the considerable financial, technical and manpower resources required for organizing such a program. Visual inspection-based screening is currently being evaluated as a potential alternative to conventional cytology in the early detection of cervical neoplasia. 1 We investigated the test characteristics of visual inspection of the cervix after application of 4% acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection after the application of Lugol's iodine (VILI) in detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) and invasive cervical cancer and compared these with that of cervical cytology, in a cross-sectional study, the results of which are reported in this article. MATERIAL AND METHODSA cross-sectional study was carried out during the years 1998 -2000 in Kerala, a southern state on the west coast of India. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by institutional review and ethics committees at the Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. Health education campaigns were conducted in different districts of Kerala to motivate women to seek cervical cancer prevention services in the early cancer detection clinics conducted by the community oncology division of the RCC. Apparently healthy women aged 25 to 65 years, who voluntarily attended these clinics, were invited to participate in the study. Pregnant women, and those who had already undergone hysterectomy or treatment for cervical precancer or cancer, were excluded from the study.The objectives and the methodology of the study were explained by a social worker and leaflets on cervical cancer prevention and early detection in the local language were distributed to the eligible women. A written informed consent was obtained from each woman willing to participa...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India

Sankaranarayanan

Wesley

Somanathan

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

182

154

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“…This most likely explains their much lower ASRs (w), compared with our study. Similarly, Santos and Swerdlow (22) reported incidence for thymoma in England and Wales, based only on information from the National Cancer Register. Mean age‐standardized incidence rates were only 0.72 per million per annum for men and 0.64 for women, with mortality rates about half of this, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymic epithelial tumours in Iceland: incidence and histopathology, a population‐based study

Mariusdottir

Nikulásson

Björnsson

et al. 2010

APMIS

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The objective of this study was to re-examine histologically and restage thymic epithelial tumours during a 25-year period and to correlate clinical and follow-up data. We utilized centralized registries in Iceland to establish a true nationwide incidence rate, previously unreported. A retrospective whole population study was carried out by including all patients diagnosed with a thymic epithelial tumour in Iceland between 1 January 1984 and 30 April 2010. Medical records were reviewed and presenting symptoms, diagnostic procedures and surgical outcome tabulated. The histology of all cases was reclassified according to the 2004 World Health Organization classification (A-TC). The Masaoka system was used for tumour staging. Median follow-up was 67 months. A total of 19 patients were identified, 11 men (58%) and 8 women, with mean age at presentation of 63 years (31-87 years). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was 0.3 and 0.2/100 000/year for men and women, respectively. Types B2 (n = 5) and A (n = 5) were the most common histological subtypes. Half of the patients had local symptoms, and eight were diagnosed incidentally. Of 19 patients, 11 underwent resection of the tumour through median sternotomy. Five-year overall survival was 53%. All four patients with thymic carcinoma (TC) died of disease within 2 years of diagnosis. For the other 15 patients, no recurrences were reported. Thymic tumours are rare in Iceland with an ASR (w) of 0.28 per 100 000 a year. To our knowledge, these are the first nationwide ASR (w) figures reported. The prognosis for most thymic epithelial cell tumours is excellent. However, TCs have a dismal long-term survival.

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“…For incidence and mortality, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by direct method (dos Santos Silva, 1999) using the world standard population modified by Doll et al . (1966), after Segi (1960).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hodgkin lymphoma in Brazil: trends in incidence and mortality over 4 decades

Silveira

Silva

Fernandes

et al. 2023

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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BackgroundIn Brazil, there is lack of studies on the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of HL in Brazil for incidence, mortality and trends.Methods Data on incidence in Brazil were collected from Population-Based Cancer Registries (1988-2017 and mortality for 1979-2019. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Average annual percent change was estimated and analyzed in two calendar periods for mortality (1979-1999 and 2000-2019). ResultsTrends in the incidence of HL for males in Brazil declined in two state capitals -Belo Horizonte, −3.7% (95% CI, −7.1 to −0.3); and Salvador, −8.5% (95% CI, −13.0 to −3.8) -and remained stable in other cities. For females, two capitals showed a decrease in incidence: Salvador, −9.5% (95% CI, −15.3 to −3.2) and Porto Alegre, −3.9% (95% CI, −7.0 to −0.8). Mortality rates in males were higher than those in females. However, the decrease in mortality was greater in males, −2.2% (95% CI, −2.5 to −1.8). Age incidence distribution across Brazilian capitals showed a higher incidence among younger (15-30 years) individuals yet no clear incidence among older adults (>60 years). ConclusionThe incidence trend of HL in Brazil has remained stable. While the mortality rates have decreased for both sexes. Age distribution for mortality at a young age and older ages follows the bimodal pattern for Brazil as a whole. Finally, further studies are necessary to understand age incidence distribution of HL in Brazil.

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Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India

Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India

Thymic epithelial tumours in Iceland: incidence and histopathology, a population‐based study

Hodgkin lymphoma in Brazil: trends in incidence and mortality over 4 decades

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