Thymomas: Clinicopathologic features, therapy, and prognosis

Batata, M.A.; Martini, Nael; Huvos, Andrew G.; Aguilar, Rafael I.; Beattie, Edward J.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197408)34:2<389::aid-cncr2820340224>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 211 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…That mortality rates were substantially lower than the corresponding incidence rates agree with clinical studies which report a relatively good survival for malignant thymomas, which form the great majority of thymus cancers (Batata et al, 1974;Verley & Hollman, 1985;Maggi et al, 1986). Since classification might be ambiguous, no attempt was made to analyse the data further by histological category.…”

Section: Sources Of Datasupporting

confidence: 75%

Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Silva

Swerdlow²

1990

Br J Cancer

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Summary Thymus cancer epidemiology has been little investigated, but recent clinical studies have suggested an association with the Epstein-Barr virus. We studied thymus cancer incidence 1963-83 and mortalitiy 1959-86 in England and Wales, using data from the National Cancer Register and national mortality files. Mean age-standardised incidence rates of the tumour were 0.72 per million per annum for males and 0.64 for females; mortality rates were about half of this: 0.43 for males and 0.29 for females. There was no significant change in rates over time, nor any consistent pattern of risk by region of residence. Birth cohort analysis of mortality showed in each sex, lowest risk for persons born during the Second World War. The age distribution of the tumour was unusual: a progressive rise in both incidence and mortality rates occurred in each sex at ages up to 60-69, at which there was a striking peak, more marked for males and for incidence data, with a sharp decline thereafter. Immigrants from China and Cyprus had significantly high proportional registration ratios, but based on small numbers.The thymus gland plays an important role in the maturation of immunocompetent T-lymphocyte cells at younger ages. It enlarges until late puberty and then begins a progressive morphological and functional involution (Roitt et al., 1985). Thymus neoplasms are rare, but since the observation in 1901 that they were associated with myasthenia gravis (Weigart, 1901), there has been interest in their study. Their aetiology remains obscure, however, and their epidemiology is unclear because no population-based study has been carried out (Large et al., 1986); most of the available information comes from case-reports or relatively small hospital series (Wilkins et al., 1966;Bernatz et al., 1973;Salyer & Eggleston, 1976;Maggi et al., 1986 (General Register Office, 1959-1970; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1971-1986).Methods of analysis Directly age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated using England and Wales mid-year populations as denominators and the 'World Standard' population as the standard (Smith, 1987). To reduce random variation when examining secular trends, time series data were smoothed by a moving average of span 5 and weights 1,4,6,4,1/16 (Box & Jenkins, 1970). The figure derived from this smoothing necessarily does not contain separate data points for the two first and two last years.Models based on the assumption that the observed number of cancer occurrences or cancer deaths arose from a Poisson distribution were fitted to test the statistical significance of linear trends in incidence and mortality (Breslow & Day, 1987), using the GLIM (Generalised Linear Interactive Modelling) (Baker & Nelder, 1978) computer package.Birth cohort analyses was conducted for mortality but not for incidence, for which insufficient data were available for satisfactory analysis. Standardised cohort mortality ratios (SCMRs) were calculated for each 5-year birth cohort (Case, 1956;Beral, 1974) using,...

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Section: Sources Of Datasupporting

confidence: 75%

Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Silva

Swerdlow²

1990

Br J Cancer

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“…Despite this, it is generally well accepted that the presence of MG does not negatively influence survival of patients with thymoma [32,57,58,62]. The most important indicator of long-term prognosis is perhaps completeness of resection [27,55,59,[62][63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

et al. 2001

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USA. Telephone: 210-616-5648; Fax: 210-949-5085; e-mail: cthomas@saci.org www: cancerdata.com Received October 11, 2000; accepted for publication May 11, 2001. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2001 INTRODUCTIONThymic tumors are common among anterior mediastinal tumors in adults. The vast majority of thymic lesions are thymoma [1]. Thymoma is relatively unique among tumors in that the prognosis appears to be more closely related to the invasive characteristics seen at operation rather than histological appearance. Indeed, the degree of encapsulation and invasion of adjacent tissues define malignancy for these tumors rather than the histologic appearance of the tumor cells [2]. Current treatment of thymoma is often multidisciplinary in nature, and has evolved based upon a growing number of studies to date. These studies have looked at various outcomes based upon associated patient syndromes, tumor histology, and tumor staging, as well as various surgical, radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and multimodality trials. These studies form the basis of this review.

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“…Les formes parfaitement encapsulées de stade I de la classification de Masaoka, où la résec-tion complète est sans problème, la chirurgie permet une guérison définitive chez plus de 95 % des patients, ce qui est similaire à nos résultats retrouvés [40]. La résection totale représente le facteur pronostique le plus important pour la survie, les survies à cinq ans pour les stades III et IV ont été de 92,9 % après résection complète versus 64,4 % (p < 0,001) après résection subtotale et de 35,6 % pour les patients inopérables [18].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Diagnostic et traitement des tumeurs épithéliales thymiques

et al. 2011

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Objectifs : Analyser les aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des tumeurs épithéliales thymiques (TET). Patients et méthodes : Étude rétrospective d'une série de cas. Les données démographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques de la tumeur et du suivi de 23 patients, de janvier 2003 à décembre 2009, ont été recueillies. L'analyse descriptive a été réalisée par le logiciel SPSS.Résultats : L'âge moyen a été de 45 ± 12,6 ans, le sex-ratio homme/femme = 1,6. La myasthénie a été présente dans 43,5 % des cas. 78,3 % des tumeurs ont été jugées d'emblée résécables. Un diagnostic préopératoire a été nécessaire dans 26 % des cas. La résection jugée complète de la tumeur a été réalisée dans 82,6 % des cas. Le traitement néoadjuvant a été sous forme d'une chimiothérapie (cinq cas), la possibilité de résection n'a été possible que dans un cas. La radiothérapie adjuvante a été indiquée chez six patients. La morbidité opé-ratoire a été de 26 %. La survie postopératoire a été de 95 % avec une durée de suivi moyenne de 37 mois (extrêmes : 9-91 mois). Pour les patients non opérés, une seule patiente est en vie, deux patients sont décédés et un patient a été perdu de vue. Conclusion : Les TET sont rares et restent les plus fréquentes des tumeurs thymiques, leur diagnostic est le plus souvent peropératoire. Les thymomes bien encapsulés relèvent d'un traitement chirurgical ; par contre, les formes invasives nécessitent le plus souvent une approche multimodale. Le pronostic des tumeurs thymiques dépend étroitement du stade et de la qualité de l'exérèse. Pour citer cette revue : J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011). Mots clés Tumeur · Thymus · Diagnostic · Traitement · PronosticAbstract Objectives: To analyze diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of epithelial thymic tumors. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of a case series. Data were collected on demographic, clinical, therapeutic and management aspects of the tumor in 23 patients seen between January 2003 and December 2009. These were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The mean age was 45 ± 12.6 years, and male/female sex ratio was 1.6. Myasthenia was present in 43.5%. 78.3% of tumors were considered resectable. A pre-operative diagnosis was necessary in 26%. Complete resection of the tumor was performed in 82.6%. Neo-adjuvant treatment chemotherapy was administered in five cases; resection was possible in only one of those. Adjuvant radiotherapy was indicated in six patients. The operative morbidity was 26%. Post-operative survival rate was 95%, with a median follow-up of 37 months (range: 9-91 months). For nonoperated patients, one is alive, two have died and one was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Thymic epithelial tumors are rare and remain the most frequent thymic tumors. They are usually diagnosed per-operatively. Well-encapsulated thymomas are treated surgically. However, invasive forms require a multi-facetted approach. The prognosis of thymic tumors depends on the stage and on the extent of resection. To cite this journal: J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011).

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Thymomas: Clinicopathologic features, therapy, and prognosis

Cited by 211 publications

References 27 publications

Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

Diagnostic et traitement des tumeurs épithéliales thymiques

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