Thymol reduces oxidative stress, aortic intimal thickening, and inflammation-related gene expression in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Yu, Yamei; Chao, Tzu-Yu; Chang, Wen Shin; Chang, Margaret J.; Lee, Ming‐Fen

doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.004

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Thymol (3 or 6 mg·kg·day, for 8 weeks) suppressed the progression of hyperlipidemia in high‐fat‐diet rabbits and atherosclerosis by reducing aortic intimal lipid lesion, lowering serum lipids, as well as inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation (Yu et al, ). Moreover, in other study, thymol (14 mg/kg, twice per day) was administered orally to high fat diet‐induced obese rats for 4 weeks (Haque, Ansari, Najmi, & Ahmad, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies suggest that thymol, as other phenolic derivatives, possesses useful antioxidant properties and may become important in the search for "natural" replacements for "synthetic" antioxidant food additives (Aeschbach et al, 1994;Fachini-Queiroz et al, 2012;Sharifi-Rad, Varoni, et al, 2018). The antioxidant properties may be related to its phenolic structure, which may adsorb and neutralize free radicals and exhibit redox properties (Yu et al, 2016). This compound scavenges hydroxyl free radicals and produces phenoxyl radicals, major transient species (Nagoor Meeran et al, 2017), being more active than the synthetic antioxidant terc-butylated hydroxytoluene in vitro (Gavaric, Smole Mozina, Kladar, & Bozin, 2015).…”

Section: Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, these compounds could contribute to the pharmacology effects of thyme. Other potential therapeutic uses of thymol are for the treatment of disorders affecting the respiratory (Astudillo, Hong, Bye, & Navarrete, 2004;Gavliakova et al, 2013), nervous (Asadbegi, Yaghmaei, Salehi, Komaki, & Ebrahim-Habibi, 2017), and cardiovascular (Yu, Chao, Chang, Chang, & Lee, 2016) systems. In addition, thymol also exhibits anticarcinogenesis (Deb, Parimala, Devi, & Chakraborty, 2011) and anti-inflammatory (Braga et al, 2006;Fachini-Queiroz et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2014) activities, as well as a potential as a growth enhancer and immunomodulator (Hashemipour, Kermanshahi, Golian, & Veldkamp, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Salehi

Mishra

Shukla

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

389

243

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Thymol is a naturally occurring phenol monoterpene derivative of cymene and isomer of carvacrol. Thymol (10-64%) is one of the major constituent of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties. This plant, native to Mediterranean regions, is commonly used as a culinary herb and also with a long history of use for different medicinal purposes. Nowadays, thymol and thyme present a wide range of functional possibilities in pharmacy, food, and cosmetic industry. The interest in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals based on thymol is due to several studies that have evaluated the potential therapeutic uses of this compound for the treatment of disorders affecting the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, this compound also exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities, as well as a potential as a growth enhancer and immunomodulator. In the present review, these bioactivities have been covered because some of them can contribute to explain the ethnopharmacology of thymol and its main source, T. vulgaris. Other important aspects about thymol are discussed: its toxicity and bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution in animals and humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Salehi

Mishra

Shukla

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

389

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, these results provide evidence towards the hypothesis that THY modulation of FA profile is beyond its direct antioxidant activity (i.e. scavenging free radicals or chelating metal ions; [53][54][55][56]). The further FA-modulation evidenced in the second phase and during pS can be understood under different rational.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

et al. 2019

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Phytogenic additives such as thymol are encountering growing interest in the poultry industry. However, there are still questions concerning dynamics of their bioavailability, biological action, optimal dosage and duration of supplementation needed to achieve meaningful effects, as well as persistence of induced changes after supplement withdrawal. We studied the link between the dynamics of free thymol concentration and the changes in fatty acids composition in quail egg yolk, both during a month-long chronic dietary supplementation and after 3 weeks of supplement withdrawal (post-supplementation). Fifty, 85 days-old, female quail of homogeneous body weights (251±1g) in egg-laying peak were used. To evaluate potential dose-dependent effects, three increasing doses 2, 4, and 6.25 g of thymol/kg of feed (THY2, THY4 and THY6, respectively) and two controls were evaluated (n = 10). In parallel, we assessed the concomitant changes in free thymol excretion, potential liver histopathological changes, and birds´ performance traits. Egg yolk and droppings show a dose-dependent increase in THY concentration after 9 days of supplementation and a decrease after post-supplementation. In egg yolk, these changes were accompanied by reduced saturated fatty acid concentrations achieved by 28 days of supplementation in THY2 and 14 days of supplementation in THY4 and THY6. However, after post-supplementation the aforementioned effect disappeared in THY2 but not in THY4 and THY6. While THY2 failed to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, THY4 and THY6 increased polyunsaturated fatty acids by day 14 of supplementation and remained increased after post-supplementation. Fatty acids changes induced by thymol are consistent with improved nutritional quality of eggs. No treatment effects were observed in liver histopathology and female performance. Findings suggest that both dose of thymol and duration of supplementation modulate thymol and fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk and thymol concentration in droppings. Furthermore, the persistence of those effects after post-supplementation period is also a dose-dependent phenomenon.

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“…11,12 Thymol also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and reduces CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) levels. 13 This plant contains isomerism of thymol, called carvacrol, which has the same anti-inflammatory properties as Thymol. 14 Aqueous extract of the T. ammi seeds has anti-inflammatory activity in mice with edema and granuloma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Effect of Aqueous Extract of <em>Trachyspermum ammi</em> Seeds and Ibuprofen on Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Cartilage Tissue of Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis</p>

Korani

Jamshidi

2020

JIR

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Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have different side effects. One of the plants used for this purpose in the traditional medicine is Trachyspermum ammi. The present study aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory effect of this plant on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 35 male Wistar rats. Seven rats were considered as the healthy control group (normal group), and CIA was stablished in the rest. The rats with a model of inflammatory arthritis were divided into four groups. One group did not receive any treatment and three groups were treated orally with ibuprofen (15 mg/kg), aqueous extract of the T. ammi seeds (100 mg/kg), or their combination for 30 days. The effect of different treatments was investigated on the paw thickness, arthritis score, and mRNA level of COX2 and iNOS genes. Results: CIA increased paw thickness, arthritis score, and COX2 and iNOS mRNA levels compared to those of the normal group. Treatment with ibuprofen and aqueous extract alone or in combination reduced the studied variables. Reduction in the paw thickness, arthritis score, and iNOS mRNA level was more in the ibuprofen-treated group than the T. ammi extract-treated group, but treatment with T. ammi extract reduced COX2 mRNA level more than ibuprofen. Conclusion: It seems that the aqueous extract of T. ammi can be used alone or in combination with ibuprofen to treat RA.

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Thymol reduces oxidative stress, aortic intimal thickening, and inflammation-related gene expression in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

<p>The Effect of Aqueous Extract of <em>Trachyspermum ammi</em> Seeds and Ibuprofen on Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Cartilage Tissue of Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis</p>

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