Thylakoids promote release of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin while reducing insulin in healthy humans

Köhnke, Rickard; Lindbo, Agnes; Larsson, Therese; Lindqvist, Andreas; Rayner, Marilyn; Emek, Sinan Cem; Albertsson, Per‐Åke; Rehfeld, Jens F.; Landin‐Olsson, Mona; Erlanson–Albertsson, Charlotte

doi:10.1080/00365520902803499

Cited by 56 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One advantage is the ability of thylakoids to activate gastrointestinal satiety hormones, which may limit overeating. The present experiments have confirmed the ability of thylakoids to promote satiety signalling in healthy humans (Köhnke et al, 2009). Future studies will be performed where thylakoids are given as a food supplement to obese individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice

Köhnke

Lindqvist

Göransson

et al. 2009

Phytotherapy Research

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Thylakoids are membranes isolated from plant chloroplasts which have previously been shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase/colipase catalysed hydrolysis of fat in vitro and induce short-term satiety in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to examine if dietary supplementation of thylakoids could affect food intake and body weight during long-term feeding in mice. Female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 41% of fat by energy with and without thylakoids for 100 days. Mice fed the thylakoid-enriched diet had suppressed food intake, body weight gain and body fat compared with the high-fat fed control mice. Reduced serum glucose, serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acid levels were found in the thylakoid-treated animals. The satiety hormone cholecystokinin was elevated, suggesting this hormone mediates satiety. Leptin levels were reduced, reflecting a decreased fat mass. There was no sign of desensitization in the animals treated with thylakoids. The results suggest that thylakoids are useful to suppress appetite and body weight gain when supplemented to a high-fat food during long-term feeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice

Köhnke

Lindqvist

Göransson

et al. 2009

Phytotherapy Research

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“…In a series of previous studies we have found that thylakoid membranes, the photosynthetic membrane in plant cells, inhibit pancreatic lipase/co-lipase in a dose-dependent way in vitro, an effect confirmed both in animal studies on rat 12 and mice 13 as well as in human studies 14,15 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Thylakoid Isolates On Lipolysis When Included mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Previous studies both in animal and human models have shown that when thylakoids were included in foods, satiety hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin and enterostatin increased while the hunger peptide ghrelin decreased [12][13][14] . This phenomenon has been attributed to a prolonged lipid digestion, and as long as food is present in the intestine, satiety is promoted 4 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Thylakoid Isolates On Lipolysis When Included mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heat treatment of thylakoids on their ability to inhibit in vitro lipase/co-lipase activity

et al. 2014

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The effect of heat treatment of thylakoids on their ability to inhibit in vitro lipase/colipase activity.Östbring, Karolina; Rayner, Marilyn; Sjöholm, Ingegerd; Otterström, Jennie; Albertsson, PerÅke; Emek, Sinan Cem; Erlanson-Albertsson, Charlotte General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal AbstractThylakoids has been shown to prolong lipolysis by the inhibition of lipase/co-lipase, which makes thylakoids suitable as a functional food ingredient with satiating properties. The components of thylakoids that provide its function as a lipolysis modulator are primarily photosystems I and II, which are structurally stabilised by chlorophyll. However, chlorophyll is known to be heat sensitive yet the enzymatic inhibiting capacity after heat treatment has not been previously studied. It was hypothesised that the retained function of thylakoids after heat treatment could be correlated to the degree of degradation. Heat treatment at either 60°C, 75°C or 90°C for time interval ranging from 15 sec to 120 min induced a color shift from bright green to olive brown which was attributed to degradation. The ability of heat-treated thylakoids to inhibit lipolysis in vitro was also reduced. A correlation between chlorophyll a degradation and the enzymatic inhibiting capacity could be established which opens possibilities to use a spectrophotometric method to quantify the ability of thylakoids to inhibit lipase/co-lipase in a more rapid and cost effective way to complement the pH-stat method used today. With the degradation pattern investigated, it is then possible to design a thermal treatment process to ensure a microbiological safe appetite-reducing product and at the same time minimize the loss of functionality.

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“…The hunger hormone ghrelin has been shown to stimulate the uptake of glucose, while cholecystokinin (8) , leptin (9) and resistin (10) inhibit the uptake of glucose. Since thylakoids stimulate the release of cholecystokinin and leptin (6) , it may well be that the observed reduction in blood glucose levels were an effect of these hormones. Another explanation could be that thylakoid membranes have a direct effect on glucose uptake, by interacting with the intestinal absorptive surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…chloroplast membranes from green leaves, retard fat digestion both in vitro and in vivo (4) . This retardation in turn stimulates the release of satiety hormones, such as cholecystokinin (4,5) and leptin (6) , while reducing the hunger hormones ghrelin and insulin (6) . The long-term effect of thylakoid administration was thus a reduced food intake and body weight, as demonstrated both in mice (5) and in rat models (4) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Chloroplast thylakoids reduce glucose uptake and decrease intestinal macromolecular permeability

et al. 2011

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Thylakoid membranes, derived from chloroplasts, have previously been shown to retard fat digestion and lower blood glucose levels after oral intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of thylakoid membranes on the passage of methyl-glucose, dextran and ovalbumin over rat intestine in vitro using Ussing chambers. The results show that thylakoids retard the passage of each of the test molecules in a dose-dependent way. The thylakoids appear to be attached on the mucosal surface and a mechanism is suggested that the thylakoids delay the passage of the test molecules by sterical hindrance. The present results indicate that thylakoid membranes may be useful both to control intestinal absorption of glucose and to enhance the barrier function of the intestine.

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Thylakoids promote release of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin while reducing insulin in healthy humans

Abstract: The addition of thylakoids to energy-dense food promotes satiety signals and reduces insulin response during a single meal in man.

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice

Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice

The effect of heat treatment of thylakoids on their ability to inhibit in vitro lipase/co-lipase activity

Chloroplast thylakoids reduce glucose uptake and decrease intestinal macromolecular permeability

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