Throughput and Energy Efficiency of Bluetooth v2 + EDR in Fading Channels

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we present a mathematical framework that permits an accurate performance analysis, both in terms of average throughput and energy efficiency, of Bluetooth link performance in fading channels. Conversely to most part of the literature concerning Bluetooth performance, this analysis takes into consideration the microscopic level power-saving mechanisms introduced in Bluetooth specifications to reduce the energy consumption during active mode. The analysis makes use of a two-state Markov chain to distinguish the transmission of useful and duplicate packets by the master. Then, the average energy spent, the amount of data exchanged and the time elapsed for each transition of the Markov chain, are derived. Hence, we apply the renewal reward theory to derive the average throughput and energy efficiency of the data link for different data packet formats and transmission rates, both in AWGN and fading channels. A proof of concept is provided by applying the mathematical framework to a Bluetooth v2.0 with Enhanced Data Rate data link. The analysis permits to appreciate the advantage, in terms of throughput and energy efficiency, of the enhanced data rate packet formats over the basic rate.

Performance analysis of Bluetooth asynchronous connection-less service

“…Bayaki et al (2008) presented an analytical framework, based on spatial distribution of Bluetooth devices, path loss, fading, data traffic models, scheduling, ARQ, and baseband packet selection to investigate LDI, modified LDI, and NSD receiver designs. In Zanella and Zorzi (2008), to analyze power-saving mechanisms of Bluetooth, a two-state Markov chain is utilized to distinguish the transmission of useful and duplicate packets by the master. Then to derive the average throughput and energy efficiency of the data link the renewal reward theory is applied to different data packet formats and transmission rates.…”

Carrier-Sense ARQ: Squeezing Out Bluetooth Performance While Preserving Standard Compliancy

“…The transmission of DUPCKs is detrimental to system performance, both in terms of throughput and energy efficiency, as noted in [4], [11], [12].…”

“…Error probability functions have been taken from [14]. Note that the very same scenario was also considered in [11] for the performance analysis of the standard ARQ scheme, thus permitting direct comparison with CS-ARQ. However, to reduce clutter, we plot only the results for EDR data frame formats, which generally offer better performance than basic rate formats.…”

“…2 show the average system goodput and energy efficiency, respectively, obtained with the different EDR frame formats when the SNR varies. Dashed lines refer to the CS-ARQ goodput performance (G), whereas solid lines relate to the standard ARQ goodput performance (G ′ ) as derived in [11]. To better appreciate the comparison, in Fig.…”

“…3 we also plot the goodput gain ∆G = G − G ′ , whereas Fig. 4 reports the relative energy efficiency gain ∆ξ = (ξ − ξ ′ )/ξ ′ where ξ ′ is the energy efficiency of the system with standard ARQ, as derived and plotted in [11]. Looking at the graphs, we can note that for SNR > 22 dB, best performance (both in terms of goodput and energy efficiency) is achieved by using 3DH5 frames, whereas 2DH5 packet format is preferable in the low SNR region.…”