Throughfall in a Puerto Rican lower montane rain forest: A comparison of sampling strategies

Holwerda, F.; Scatena, F. N.; Bruijnzeel, L. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.014

Cited by 140 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…energy limited; Calder, 1998), and therefore the expected increases in ET a due to forest regrowth are not evident in the Q record. However, the interception evaporation component of ET a can be well in excess of PET, particularly on mountainous maritime islands (Schellekens et al, 1999;Roberts et al, 2005;Holwerda et al, 2006Holwerda et al, , 2012McJannet et al, 2007;Giambelluca et al, 2009). Moreover, an insignificant correlation was obtained between forest cover change and mean Q during the dry season (January-March; Q dry ), when PET is not expected to be a limiting factor (Fig.…”

Section: Potential Explanations For the Lack Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…40 yr of regeneration . Total actual evaporation (ET a ) of mature upland forest in the maritime tropical climate of Puerto Rico is high compared to tropical continental sites (Schellekens et al, 2000), mostly because of enhanced wetcanopy evaporation rates (Holwerda et al, 2006(Holwerda et al, , 2012, and the same may well apply to the island's secondary forests (cf. Giambelluca, 2002).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

Beck

Bruijnzeel

Dijk

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

106

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Abstract. Although regenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of humid tropical landscapes, little is known of their water use and effects on streamflow (Q). Since the 1950s the island of Puerto Rico has experienced widespread abandonment of pastures and agricultural lands, followed by forest regeneration. This paper examines the possible impacts of these secondary forests on several Q characteristics for 12 mesoscale catchments (23-346 km 2 ; mean precipitation 1720-3422 mm yr −1 ) with long (33-51 yr) and simultaneous records for Q, precipitation (P ), potential evaporation (PET), and land cover. A simple spatially-lumped, conceptual rainfall-runoff model that uses daily P and PET time series as inputs (HBV-light) was used to simulate Q for each catchment. Annual time series of observed and simulated values of four Q characteristics were calculated. A least-squares trend was fitted through annual time series of the residual difference between observed and simulated time series of each Q characteristic. From this the total cumulative change (Â) was calculated, representing the change in each Q characteristic after controlling for climate variability and water storage carry-over effects between years. Negative values ofÂ were found for most catchments and Q characteristics, suggesting enhanced actual evaporation overall following forest regeneration. However, correlations between changes in urban or forest area and values ofÂ were insignificant (p ≥ 0.389) for all Q characteristics. This suggests there is no convincing evidence that changes in the chosen Q characteristics in these Puerto Rican catchments can be ascribed to changes in urban or forest area. The present results are in line with previous studies of mesoand macro-scale (sub-)tropical catchments, which generally found no significant change in Q that can be attributed to changes in forest cover. Possible explanations for the lack of a clear signal may include errors in the land cover, climate, Q, and/or catchment boundary data; changes in forest area occurring mainly in the less rainy lowlands; and heterogeneity in catchment response. Different results were obtained for different catchments, and using a smaller subset of catchments could have led to very different conclusions. This highlights the importance of including multiple catchments in land-cover impact analysis at the mesoscale.

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Section: Potential Explanations For the Lack Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

Beck

Bruijnzeel

Dijk

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

106

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“…Na bibliografia consultada os autores destacam a necessidade de elevado número de pluviômetros. Holwerda et al (2006) concluíram que são necessários cem pluviômetros fixos para se obter resultado similar ao obtido com trinta pluviômetros móveis, com nível de confiança de 95%. Neste estudo foram utilizados 25 coletores alternativos, construídos com garrafas "pets" para armazenar dois litros de água, acopladas a funis de alumínio com área de captação de 153,94 cm,² com um suporte de madeira, que foram nivelados a 1 m acima do solo (Figura 3C).…”

Section: Precipitação Internaunclassified

Precipitação efetiva e interceptação em Caxiuanã, na Amazônia Oriental

et al. 2008

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RESUMOO presente trabalho foi realizado na Estação Cientifica Ferreira Penna, dentro da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil (01º 42' 30"S; 51º 31' 45"W; 60 m altitude). A região é uma floresta de terra firme, com vegetação densa e dossel com altura média de 35 m e árvores emergentes acima de 50 m, densidade de 450 a 550 árvores por hectare. O objetivo foi o de quantificar a precipitação total incidente acima do dossel, precipitação efetiva e precipitação interna, o escoamento da água pelos troncos e interceptação da precipitação pela vegetação no período de março a dezembro de 2004, quando foram realizadas 40 coletas semanais. Na medida da precipitação interna foram utilizados 25 pluviômetros, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um hectare, subdividido em cem parcelas de 10 x 10 m, os escoamentos pelos troncos foram medidos em sete árvores com diâmetros à altura do peito (DAP) representativos para as árvores da área. O estudo revelou uma precipitação efetiva de 905,4 mm e precipitação interna de 885,4 mm, um escoamento pelos troncos de 20 mm e uma interceptação de 248 mm, correspondendo, a 78,5%, 76,8%, 1,7% e 21,5% da precipitação acima do dossel, que foi de 1.153,4 mm, no período de estudo, respectivamente.PalavRaS-chavE: Floresta tropical, interceptação, precipitação interna, escoamento pelo tronco. Net precipitation and interception in Caxiuanã, in the Eastern Amazonia aBSTRacTThe present work was carried out at the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station, in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil (01º 42' 30"S; 51º 31' 45"W; 60 m a.s.l.). The studied region is an upland forest with closed vegetation and a mean canopy height of 35 m although some trees can be 50 m high. The species density is between 450 and 550 plants per hectare. The aim was to quantify the net precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and rain interception by vegetation, from March to December of 2004. For the throughfall measurements 25 rain gauges were randomly distributed in an one hectare area subdivided in one hundred parcels of 10 x 10 m, while the stemflow was measured on seven trees with a stem diameter at breast height representative of the area. The results showed values of net precipitation of 905.4 mm, throughfall of 885.4 mm, stemflow 20 mm and rain interception of 248 mm,corresponding respectively to 78.5%, 76.8%, 1.7% e 21.5% of the total precipitation above the canopy which was 1,153.4 mm for the study period.

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“…Although Keim et al (2005) showed that the spatial patterns of throughfall variability tend to persist, a large number of raingauges (either fixed or moving) is needed to describe it (e.g. Holwerda et al, 2006). Use of recording clusters of long troughs was proposed by Zimmermann et al (2010) as a more promising sampling scheme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-time measurements of interception in mountain spruce forest

Holko¹

2010

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Short-time measurements of interception in mountain spruce forestOpen area rainfall and throughfall measurements in the Western Tatra Mountains (altitude about 1500 m a.s.l.) made by tipping bucket gauges were used to estimate the usefulness of the short-time data in analysis of spruce interception. The 10-minute data from period 13 May-13 October 2009 did not reveal meaningful correlations between the open area rainfall and throughfall. Aggregated measurements representing individual rainfall events were more useful. They showed linear relationship between open area rainfall and throughfall for events with total rainfall depth in the open area exceeding 5 mm. Correlation between open area rainfall and throughfall for rainfall events with duration above 120 minutes was significantly better than for the shorter ones. Mean values of interception (percentage of open area rainfall which did not appear in throughfall) of individual rainfall events was high. When we excluded events for which throughfall was higher than the open area rainfall, mean interception for larger and longer rainfall events was 46% and 48%, respectively. For smaller (runoff depth below 5 mm) and shorter events (duration below 2 hours) the mean interception was 70% and 72%, respectively. However, the data revealed very high variability of interception.

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Throughfall in a Puerto Rican lower montane rain forest: A comparison of sampling strategies

Cited by 140 publications

References 23 publications

The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

Precipitação efetiva e interceptação em Caxiuanã, na Amazônia Oriental

Short-time measurements of interception in mountain spruce forest

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