Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Immunization: An Investigative Case Report

Jain, Nityanand; Chaudhary, Piyush; Kaur, Taranvir; Kaur, Shabjot; Brar, Harmandeep Singh; Jindal, Ravul

doi:10.12659/ajcr.938878

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Adverse vaccination experiences like thrombosis with TTS and vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) could have triggered vaccination hesitancy even among the learned or informed section. 45 Figure 1 depicts the COVID‐19 vaccines focussed future research directions in a nutshell.…”

Section: Future Research and Possible Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though COVID-19 pandemic has existed for more than 3 years, the emerging novel variants and sub-variants have complicated the issue of combating the pandemic even with the launch of "emergency use" vaccination. Vaccination hesitancy due to the mixed responses wherein individuals either voluntarily accepted or did not receive vaccination could have contributed to the rolling spread with variants and sub-variants.Adverse vaccination experiences like thrombosis with TTS and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) could have triggered vaccination hesitancy even among the learned or informed section 45. Figure 1 depicts the COVID-19 vaccines focussed future research directions in a nutshell.…”

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confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way?

Satapathy,

Pattnaik,

Sahoo

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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BackgroundHistorically, a critical aetiological agent of health concern stays till eternity after its discovery, so shall it be with the COVID‐19 outbreak. It has transformed human life to a ‘new normal’ with huge tolls on the social, psychological, intellectual and financial spheres.AimThis perspective aimed to collate numerous reported COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated adverse events and the predisposing factors. It focussed on the efficacy of mix‐n‐match (cocktail) vaccines to effectively counter COVID‐19 infection to facilitate future research and possible interventions.Material and MethodsDatabases like Scopus, Pubmed and the Web‐of‐science were searched for published literature on ‘adverse events associated with COVID‐19 vaccine’. The reports and updates from health agencies like the WHO and CDC were also considered for the purpose. The details with respect to the adverse events associated with COVID‐19 vaccination and the predisposing factors were compiled to obtain insights and suggest possible future directions in vaccine research.ResultsIndia stood strong to manage its health resources in time and turned into a dominant global vaccine supplier at a time when healthcare infrastructure of many countries was still significantly challenged. Developing indigenous vaccines and the vaccination drive in India were its major achievements during the second and the subsequent COVID‐19 waves. The fully indigenous Covaxin vaccine, primarily as an emergency intervention, was successfully rapidly launched. Similar such vaccines for emergency use were developed elsewhere as well. However, all of these reached the marketplace with a ‘emergency use only’ tag, without formal clinical trials and other associated formalities to validate and verify them as these would require much longer incubation time before they are available for human use.DiscussionMany adverse events associated with either the first or the second/booster vaccination doses were reported. Evidently, these associated adverse events were considered as ‘usually rare’ or were often underreported. Without the additional financial or ethical burden on the vaccine companies, fortunately, the Phase IV (human) clinical trials of their manufactured vaccines are occurring by default as the human population receives these under the tag ‘emergency use’. Thus, focused and collaborative strategies to unveil the molecular mechanisms in vaccine‐related adverse events in a time‐bound manner are suggested.ConclusionReliable data particularly on the safety of children is lacking as majority of the current over‐the‐counter COVID‐19 vaccines were for emergency use. Many of these were still in their Phase III and Phase IV trials. The need for a mutant‐proof, next‐gen COVID‐19 vaccine in the face of vaccine‐associated adverse events is opined.

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Section: Future Research and Possible Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way?

Satapathy,

Pattnaik,

Sahoo

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Azd-1222

2023

Reactions Weekly

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Myocardial Infarction Following Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Rahimi Petrudi,

Abdollahi,

Mirzaii-Dizgah

2023

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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Context: Several reports have been presented regarding the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction following vaccination against COVID-19. Objectives: The current systemic review tried to review and summarize the published evidence and documents regarding the occurrence of myocardial infarction following various types of anti-COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca and Pfizer) and, finally, take steps to clarify the causes of such incidents. Methods: The relevant databases, including Medline, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane, were comprehensively searched by the two blinded researchers for all eligible studies based on the considered keywords. Of 76 articles initially collected by database searching, 20 articles were included in the last analysis. Results: The occurrence of acute myocardial infarction was mostly related to SARS-CoV-2-based messenger RNA and viral vector vaccines. This cardiac attack occurred after the first vaccination in 74% of patients affected. The time of occurrence of myocardial infarction was also very different between different types of vaccines and varied between 15 minutes and 21 days after vaccination. Most of the myocardial infarctions that occurred after vaccination were of the ST-segment elevation type (STEMI) (23 of 28 patients). More than two-thirds of myocardial infarction cases occurred in patients who had significant cardiovascular risk profiles (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease). Overall, 22.2% of cases suffering post-vaccination myocardial infarction died within hospitalization. Conclusions: The occurrence of myocardial infarction following the vaccination against COVID-19 is rare, and due to the fatality of this event, it is necessary to modify the biotechnological production of existing vaccines and to accurately evaluate the pathophysiology of this event.

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Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Immunization: An Investigative Case Report

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

COVID‐19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way?

COVID‐19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way?

Azd-1222

Myocardial Infarction Following Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review

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