Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy

Khorana, Alok A.; Francis, Charles W.; Culakova, Eva; Kuderer, Nicole M.; Lyman, Gary H.

doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02374.x

Cited by 1,352 publications

(947 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon has caught the attention of many scholars. The incidence of phlebothrombosis in patients with malignant tumor was about 4%-20% (Khorana et al, 2007). In autopsy, the number is as high as 50% among patients with tumor (Gomes and Deitcher, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tissue Factor on Invasion Inhibition and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Oxaliplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cell

Li²,

Hou³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: Tissue factor (TF) is expressed abnormally in certain types of tumor cells, closely related to invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct a human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 stably-transfected with human TF, and observe effects on oxaliplatin-dependent inhibition of invasion and the apoptosis induction. Methods: The target gene TF was obtained from human placenta by nested PCR and introduced into the human gastric cell line SGC7901 through transfection mediated by lipofectamine. Stably-transfected cells were screened using G418. Examples successfully transfected with TF-pcDNA3 recombinant (experimental group), and empty vector pcDNA3 (control group) were incubated with oxaliplatin. Transwell chambers were used to show change in invasive ability. Caspase-3 activity was detected using a colorimetric method and annexin-V/PI doublestaining was applied to detect apoptosis. Results: We generated the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/TF successfully, expressing TF stably and efficiently. Compared with the control group, invasion increased, whereas caspase-3 activity and apoptosis rate were decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: TF can enhance the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Its increased expression may reduce invasion inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects of oxaliplatin and therefore may warrant targeting for improved chemotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tissue Factor on Invasion Inhibition and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Oxaliplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cell

Li²,

Hou³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Among all patients with VTE, approximately one in five is diagnosed with cancer, whereas cancer patients have a four‐ to seven‐fold increased risk for a VTE event 1, 2, 3. Furthermore, cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT) contributes to high morbidity and mortality, with VTE being the second cause of death—after cancer, itself 4, 5. Besides the “classical” patient‐related factors like age, ethnicity and prior history of VTE, several other risk factors intrinsic to cancer that may contribute to CAT have been addressed, such as higher tumor grade, metastatic disease, and cancer type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer‐associated thrombosis: The search for the holy grail continues

Ünlü

Versteeg

2018

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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Cancer patients have an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), a condition that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although risk assessment tools have been developed, it is still very challenging to predict which cancer patients will suffer from VTE. The scope of this review is to summarize and discuss studies focusing on the link between genetic alterations and risk of cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT). Thus far, classical risk factors that contribute to VTE have been tried as risk factors of CAT, with low success. In support, hypercoagulant plasma profiles in patients with CAT differ from those with only VTE, indicating other risk factors that contribute to VTE in cancer. As germline mutations do not significantly contribute to elevated risk of VTE, somatic mutations in tumors may significantly associate with and contribute to CAT. As it is very time‐consuming to investigate each and every mutation, an unbiased approach is warranted. In this light we discuss our own recent unbiased proof‐of‐principle study using RNA sequencing in isolated colorectal cancer cells. Our work has uncovered candidate genes that associate with VTE in colorectal cancer, and these gene profiles associated with VTE more significantly than classical parameters such as platelet counts, D‐dimer, and P‐selectin levels. Genes associated with VTE could be linked to pathways being involved in coagulation, inflammation and methionine degradation. We conclude that tumor cell‐specific gene expression profiles and/or mutational status has superior potential as predictors of VTE in cancer patients.

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“…Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), together referred to as venous thromboembolism (VTE), are frequent and life threatening complications of malignancy [1,2].An increased incidence of VTE in patients with cancer has been unambiguously demonstrated [3], and the risk is shown to be particularly increased during the first few months after diagnosis as well as in the presence of distant metastases [4]. Overall, cancer is responsible for up to 25% of all incident VTE cases[2, 5,6].The aetiology of cancer associated VTE is heterogeneous, and pathogenic mechanisms include tumour induced hypercoagulability, vascular injury caused by the tumour, chemotherapy or surgery, long term central venous catheters, venous stasis among bedridden patients, and tumour-dependent compression of the venous circulation [7].In subjects with cancer, a VTE event is associated with more frequent and prolonged hospital stays [8],more severe treatment complications [9],increased risk of recurrence [9,10] and shortened life-expectancy compared to cancer patients without VTE [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increased risk of venous thromboembolism by advancing age cannot be attributed to the higher incidence of cancer in the elderly: the Tromsø study

et al. 2014

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Whether the high incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the elderly can be attributed to cancer is not wellstudied. We assessed the impact of cancer on risk of VTE in young, middle-aged and elderly. 26,094 subjects without a history of cancer or VTE were recruited from the Tromsø study. Incident cancer (n=2,290) and VTE (n=531) were recorded from baseline (1994-95) through December 31st, 2009. Cox regression with cancer as time-varying exposure was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overt cancer was associated with a 5-fold (95%CI: 4.3, 6.7) increased risk of VTE, with an age-dependent gradient from 26-fold (95 %CI: 12.1, 56.5) increased in the young, 9-fold (95% CI: 6.6, 12.7) increased in the middleaged, and 3-fold (95 % CI: 2.5, 4.5) increased risk in the elderly. The population attributable risks were 14%, 27% and 18%, respectively. Conclusion: The relative risk of VTE by cancer were higher in young compared to elderly subjects, but the proportion of VTEs in the population due to cancer did not differ much across age groups. Our findings indicate that the increased risk of VTE by advancing age cannot be attributed to higher incidence of cancer in the elderly.

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Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy

Cited by 1,352 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Tissue Factor on Invasion Inhibition and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Oxaliplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cell

Effect of Tissue Factor on Invasion Inhibition and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Oxaliplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cell

Cancer‐associated thrombosis: The search for the holy grail continues

The increased risk of venous thromboembolism by advancing age cannot be attributed to the higher incidence of cancer in the elderly: the Tromsø study

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