Three ways to resist temptation: The independent contributions of executive attention, inhibitory control, and affect regulation to the impulse control of eating behavior

Hofmann, Wilhelm; Friese, Malte; Roefs, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.013

Cited by 240 publications

(229 citation statements)

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“…Further, previous research has shown that tasks which use word stimuli, like the IAT, may be less effective than tasks using pictorial stimuli, like the approach-avoidance task used in the present study, in determining automatic processing of real-world food cues (Roefs, Werrij, Smulders & Jansen, 2006). The current study has also extended previous research on implicit preferences for food cues (Hofmann et al, 2009;Nederkoorn et al, 2010) to another component of automatic processing, namely motivational cognitive biases. In addition, foodspecific inhibitory control was measured, rather than a general inability to inhibit responses (Houben & Wiers, 2009;Peeters et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

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Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake

2015

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Please cite this as: Kakoschke, N., Kemps, E., and Tiggemann, M., 2015. Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake. Appetite, 87, We are grateful to Paul Douglas for developing the software for the computerised administration of the dot probe task, the approach-avoidance task, and the go/no-go task.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Naomi Kakoschke, School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.Electronic mail may be sent to Naomi.Kakoschke@flinders.edu.au COGNITIVE BIAS, POOR INHIBITORY CONTROL AND FOOD INTAKE 2 AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of cognitive bias (attentional and approach biases) and inhibitory control on unhealthy snack food intake. Cognitive biases reflect automatic processing, while inhibitory control is an important component of controlled processing. Participants were 146 undergraduate women who completed a dot probe task to assess attentional bias and an approach-avoidance task to asses approach bias. Inhibitory control was measured with a food-specific go/no-go task. Unhealthy snack food intake was measured using a so-called "taste test". There was a significant interaction between approach bias and inhibitory control on unhealthy snack food intake. Specifically, participants who showed a strong approach bias combined with low inhibitory control consumed the most snack food. Theoretically, the results support contemporary dual-process models which propose that behaviour is guided by both automatic and controlled processing systems. At a practical level, the results offer potential scope for an intervention that combines re-training of both automatic and controlled processing. COGNITIVE BIAS, POOR INHIBITORY CONTROL AND FOOD INTAKE 3 Combined Effects of Cognitive Bias for Food Cues and Poor Inhibitory Control on Unhealthy Food IntakeDuring the last three decades, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled, with 35% of adults classified as overweight and 11% as obese (WHO, 2013). One important contributor to chronic health problems such as overweight and obesity is unhealthy eating (NHMRC, 2003). The contemporary Western diet is characterised by unhealthy eating, in particular consuming too much fat, salt and sugar. Given the potential negative health consequences of unhealthy eating, it is important to investigate the cognitive mechanisms that underlie such behaviour. Specifically, recent theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence suggest that automatic and controlled cognitive processing make important contributions to unhealthy behaviour.Dual-process models (e.g., Strack & Deutsch, 2004) propose that our behaviour is determined by two different information processing systems, i.e., automatic and controlled processing. Automatic processing is fast, implicit and effortless, and includes affective (i.e., attitudes, preferences) and motivational (i.e., attending to, approaching) responses to relevant stimuli, s...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Other studies have shown that the combination of strong implicit preferences and low inhibitory control predicts candy (Hofmann, Friese, & Roefs, 2009) and alcohol (Houben & Wiers, 2009) intake on a laboratory taste test. The above studies measured automatic processing with the implicit association task, which assesses evaluative attitudes for appetitive cues.…”

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confidence: 98%

Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake

2015

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“…Previous work in the domain of self-control has shown that some people are better able to resist interpersonal or food temptations for example when they possess more executive control (Hofmann, Friese, & Roefs, 2009;Pronk, Karremans, & Wigboldus, 2011).…”

Section: Reducing the Effects Of Reward Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior.

Papies¹,

Pronk²,

Keesman³

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

158

176

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Mindful attention, a central component of mindfulness meditation, can be conceived as becoming aware of one's thoughts and experiences, and being able to observe them as transient mental events. Here, we present a series of studies demonstrating the effects of applying this meta-cognitive perspective to one's spontaneous reward responses when encountering attractive stimuli. Taking a grounded cognition perspective, we argue that reward simulations in response to attractive stimuli contribute to appetitive behavior, and that motivational states and traits enhance these simulations. Directing mindful attention at these

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“…Inhibitory control 5 Weaker inhibitory control, or the inability to inhibit unwanted impulsive reactions, has 6 been associated with obesity and intake of unhealthy food in a laboratory setting (Guerrieri, However, it has been argued that inhibitory control itself does not determine behaviour, but 9 rather that low inhibitory control may allow impulses (e.g., automatic evaluations of stimuli) 10 to have a more potent influence on behaviour (Hofmann et al, 2009). This is evidenced in 11 findings demonstrating that inhibitory control moderates the relationship between implicit 12 evaluations of appetitive stimuli (e.g., food, alcohol), and subsequent consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory self-control moderates the effect of changed implicit food evaluations on snack food consumption

2015

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Please cite this as: Haynes, A., Kemps, E., and Moffitt, R., 2015. The current study used a modified implicit association test (IAT) to change implicit 3 evaluations of unhealthy snack food and tested its effects on subsequent consumption. 4Furthermore, we investigated whether these effects were moderated by inhibitory self- to assess consumption of unhealthy snack foods. Inhibitory self-control was measured using a 10 self-report scale. As predicted, the implicit evaluation of unhealthy food became more it suggests that an intervention that retrains implicit food evaluations could be effective at 18 reducing unhealthy eating, particularly among those with low inhibitory self-control.

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Three ways to resist temptation: The independent contributions of executive attention, inhibitory control, and affect regulation to the impulse control of eating behavior

Cited by 240 publications

References 21 publications

Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake

Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake

The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior.

Inhibitory self-control moderates the effect of changed implicit food evaluations on snack food consumption

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