Three Techniques Used to Produce BaTiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; Fine Powder

Al‐Shakarchi, Emad K.; Mahmood, Natheer B.

doi:10.4236/jmp.2011.211175

Cited by 69 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There are many chemical methods used to get BST powder as a nanoparticle size at low temperature with high-homogeneity rather than SSR, for example sol-gel, co-precipitation, hydrothermal, spray pyrolysis, and modified citrate gel [4]- [9]. The oxalate co-precipitation method was used for the preparation of ultrafine BST powders; it was more efficient in production process by the following parameter, saving energy, short production time, low sintering temperature to avoid grain growth and limited environment impact [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure of BaxSr1-xTiO3 Fine Powder

Mahmood¹,

Al‐Shakarchi²,

Elouadi³

et al. 2015

JMP

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Various compositions of the system BaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) have been elaborated both as fine powders and ceramic monoliths, using the co-precipitation route within a warmed supersaturated solution of oxalic acid. The appropriate stoichiometry was determined from the mixtures of precisely titrated aqueous solutions of cations chlorides (SrCl2, BaCl2, and TiCl4). The reason of this process was to apply low sintering temperature in production of BST samples with ultra-fine powders. These powders primarily calcined at (850˚C) for (5 hr) were used to elaborate ceramics after pellets sintering at (1200˚C) during (8 hrs). Indeed, XRD patterns were confirmed that the samples are a pure phase and a perovskite cubic structural type at (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6). Whereas, (x = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1) showed a tetragonal phase. There is agreement between the FTIR and XRD analysis, by the relation of the wave vector (K) and lattice constant. It was deduced a stimulated relation between (x) and (K). The results of TEM, they were clear that the lowest particle sizes investigated of BST powders nearly (36 -50 nm).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure of BaxSr1-xTiO3 Fine Powder

Mahmood¹,

Al‐Shakarchi²,

Elouadi³

et al. 2015

JMP

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“…In order to perform the structural refinement X-ray powder diffraction data is needed as a starting point for the simulation of the pattern. For the cubic and the tetragonal phase data sets of Mahmood et al were used, including the coordinates of the atomic sites 26 . The peak shape was defined by the modified Thompson-Cox-Hastings pseudo-Voigt function 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between phase compatibility and efficient energy conversion in Zr-doped Barium Titanate

Wegner

James

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Recent demonstrations of both heat-to-electricity energy conversion devices and electrocaloric devices based on first-order ferroelectric phase transformations identify the lowering of hysteresis and cyclic reversibility of the transformation as enabling criteria for the advancement of this technology. These demonstrations, and recent studies of the hysteresis of phase transformations in oxides, show that satisfying conditions of supercompatibility can be useful for lowering hysteresis, but with limitations for systems with only a few variants of the lower symmetry phase. in particular, it is widely accepted that in a classic cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation, with only three tetragonal variants having only six twin systems, tuning for improved crystallographic compatibility will be of limited value. This work shows that, on the contrary, the tuning of lattice parameters in Ba(Ti 1-x Zr x)o 3 for improved crystallographic compatibility, even at low doping levels of Zr (x ≤ 0.027), give significant improvement of transformation and ferroelectric energy conversion properties. Specifically, the transformation hysteresis is lowered by 25%, and the maximum value of the polarization/temperature ratio dP/dT at the phase transformation is increased by 10%. Recently, new devices for the direct (i.e. without a separate electrical generator) conversion of heat to electricity have emerged based on first order ferroelectric phase transformations 1,2. These devices are designed to harvest energy from small temperature differences in the environment, from industrial sources, or from computers and digital devices. From a materials science perspective the main challenges facing the development of this technology, as identified in these papers, are the management of leakage, the cyclic reversibility of the transformation, and the minimization of hysteresis. The latter, which is of interest here, is identified as the main source of loss in this application. In metals, most prominently in TiNi-based shape memory alloys, an understanding of the factors affecting reversibility and hysteresis is quite far advanced. For a high cyclic reversibility it is well-accepted 3 that having a high to low symmetry transformation with a group-subgroup relation, small volume change, and the existence of many low energy austenite/martensite interfaces are desirable. As an example of the influence of these factors, no reasonable shape memory effect has been demonstrated using any metal with a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation in polycrystalline form. As demonstrated in slightly Ni-rich TiNi alloys, a fine array of suitable coherent precipitates is also highly desirable, as is a fine, but not too fine, grain size 3,4. The most dramatic improvements in cyclic reversibility, and also thermal hysteresis, have been achieved by tuning the lattice parameters to satisfy conditions of supercompatibility 5-8. Supercompatibility refers to special conditions on the lattice parameters that eliminate stressed transition layers between phases. The simp...

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“…This development indicates a mixture of paraelectric cubic (COD 1507757, Pm% 3m) and ferroelectric tetragonal phase (COD 1507756, P4mm) with an increasing percentage of the latter. 38,39 Rietveld refinement method was used to further investigate the phase compositions of the BT samples. The complete results for the unpoled as well as the poled BT are listed in Tables S2 and S3 (ESI †).…”

Section: Pyrocatalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrocatalytic oxidation – strong size-dependent poling effect on catalytic activity of pyroelectric BaTiO₃ nano- and microparticles

Raufeisen

Neumeister

Buchheim

et al. 2020

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Three Techniques Used to Produce BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Cited by 69 publications

References 8 publications

Crystal Structure of Ba<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1-x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Crystal Structure of Ba<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1-x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Correlation between phase compatibility and efficient energy conversion in Zr-doped Barium Titanate

Pyrocatalytic oxidation – strong size-dependent poling effect on catalytic activity of pyroelectric BaTiO₃ nano- and microparticles

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Three Techniques Used to Produce BaTiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Fine Powder

Cited by 69 publications

References 8 publications

Crystal Structure of Ba&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;Sr&lt;sub&gt;1-x&lt;/sub&gt;TiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Fine Powder

Crystal Structure of Ba&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;Sr&lt;sub&gt;1-x&lt;/sub&gt;TiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Fine Powder

Correlation between phase compatibility and efficient energy conversion in Zr-doped Barium Titanate

Pyrocatalytic oxidation – strong size-dependent poling effect on catalytic activity of pyroelectric BaTiO3 nano- and microparticles

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Product

Resources

About

Three Techniques Used to Produce BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Crystal Structure of Ba<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1-x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Crystal Structure of Ba<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1-x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Fine Powder

Pyrocatalytic oxidation – strong size-dependent poling effect on catalytic activity of pyroelectric BaTiO₃ nano- and microparticles