Three primary synchronous malignancies of the uterus, cervix, and fallopian tube

Abstract

Rationale:Multiple primary malignancies can occur in the same organ or in multiple organs or systems. Likewise, they can occur simultaneously or successively. Based on the timing of the diagnosis, they are classified as multiple synchronous (i.e., concurrent) or metachronous (i.e., successive) primary malignancies. The vast majority of patients have multiple metachronous malignant tumors; multiple synchronous tumors are rare.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of vaginal fluid discharge for 3 months and abdominal pain for 1 month.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed with multiple synchronous primary malignancies: 1) endometrial poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinoma, stage IV; 2) poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, stage IB1; and 3) left-sided fallopian tube carcinoma in situ.Interventions:After total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and comprehensive staging and debulking, the patient was administered eight courses of adjuvant chemotherapy (taxane carboplatin/taxane cisplatin).Outcomes:After chemotherapy completion, the patient has been undergoing regular follow-up examinations; no recurrence has been noted at 18 months.Lessons:It is important to distinguish between multiple synchronous primary malignancies and metastasis of a primary tumor to select the appropriate treatment regimen and to adequately assess the patient's prognosis. When a cancer patient shows clinical manifestations of another tumor, not only metastasis but also the possibility of multiple synchronous primary malignant tumors should be considered. The duration of follow-up in patients with malignant tumors should be extended as much as possible, as the timely detection and treatment of other primary malignant tumors can prolong survival and improve the quality of life.

Synchronous occurrence of HPV-associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (FIGO IIA) in prolapsed uterus and adenocarcinoma of the anal canal cT1N0M0

“…According to the current literature, a second primary tumor should be resected as early as possible, and its treatment should be similar to that of a single tumor. [ 22 ]…”

“…In our case, the patient refused to undergo surgical treatment of the second tumour, that is, the cancer of the anal canal. In line with Song et al [ 22 ] recommendations, we took into account the tumour stage, the patient's age and life expectancy, and decided to apply nonoperative methods.…”

Synchronous primary triple urogenital malignant tumors of kidney, prostate and bladder

“… 4 Carcinogenesis factors include genetic factors, environmental factors, radiation therapy for the primary cancer, and the occurrence of secondary cancers after chemotherapy. 5 Immunohistochemical staining for the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the cancer gene HER-2 were conducted in the present case report as an investigation into genetic factors of carcinogenesis. HER-2 expression has been reported to contribute to increased nuclear grade and lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.…”

<p>The First Report of Triple Advanced Synchronous Cancer: Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Clinically Silent Adenocarcinoma of Prostate and Colon</p>

“…However, the effect of a history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for metachronous cancers is suggested in the literature. While genetic defects and carcinogenic exposure are believed to have a role in synchronous cancers,10 either synchronously or metachronously, the simultaneous occurrence of the bladder and prostate cancers is not uncommon 11. Additionally, it can be claimed that, after urologic cancers, the most secondary prevalent non-urologic cancers are colon cancers 12.…”