Spectral imaging is a technology that integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy to get both spatial and spectral information from an object. Although this technology was originally developed for remote sensing, it has been extended to the biomedical engineering field as a powerful analytical tool for biological and biomedical research. This review introduces the basics of spectral imaging, imaging methods, current equipment, and recent advances in biomedical applications. The performance and analytical capabilities of spectral imaging systems for biological and biomedical imaging are discussed. In particular, the current achievements and limitations of this technology in biomedical engineering are presented. The benefits and development trends of biomedical spectral imaging are highlighted to provide the reader with an insight into the current technological advances and its potential for biomedical research.
We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in mainland Chinese women to provide a general profile for the application and subsequent effectiveness evaluation of HPV vaccines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline (Ovid), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were used for the literature search. The epidemiological studies published from January 2000 to June 2018 on high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women were investigated to systematically evaluate their epidemiological status. A total of 198 eligible studies were included. The results of metaanalysis showed that the overall infection rate of high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women was 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%-20.9%), and the top 5 subtypes with the highest infection rates were 16, 52, 58, 53, and 18. The overall infection rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CINI), CINII+, and cervical cancer patients were 59.6% (95% CI, 52.7%-66.4%), 84.8% (95% CI, 81.2%-88.5%), and 89.9% (95% CI, 86.6%-93.1%), respectively. The high-risk HPV infections and common subtypes in women of various ages in various regions were different, and the high-risk HPVs and subtypes in cervical cancer patients in various regions were also different. In conclusion, we systematically analyzed the HPV infections in women who live on the Chinese mainland. The epidemiology of high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women is basically consistent with that for the rest of the world. The HPV vaccines currently licensed in China could cover the major prevalent high-risk HPV subtypes in China, providing a basis for the development of cervical cancer screening strategy and the vaccine implementation in China.
Germline BRCA1/2 mutations is common in Chinese ovarian cancer patients. This study implies that all ovarian patients should be tested for gBRCAm status regardless of family history and histopathology.
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