Three peptides from the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone amino terminus lower blood pressure and produce diuresis, natriuresis, and/or kaliuresis in humans.

Abstract

ProANFs 1-30, 31-67, and 79-98, as well as ANF have significant blood pressure-lowering and diuretic properties. ProANFs 1-30 and 31-67 also have natriuretic properties in humans that are significantly (P < .001) prolonged compared with ANF. ProANF 79-98, although not possessing any natriuretic property, is the strongest stimulator of potassium excretion of the four atrial natriuretic peptides.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Prohormone Gene Expression: Hormones and Diseases That Upregulate its Expression

“…Within this 126-a.a. prohormone are several peptide hormones with blood pressure lowering, natriuretic, diuretic, and/or kaliuretic (i.e., potassium excreting) properties in both animals (20,21) and humans (22,23). These peptide hormones, numbered by their a.a. sequences beginning at the N-terminal end of the ANP prohormone, consist of the first 30 a.a. of the prohormone (i.e., long-acting natriuretic hormone;…”

Heart Peptide Hormones: Adjunct and Primary Treatments of Cancer

“…A signal peptide on the N-terminus of the pre-prohormone is cleaved from the pre-prohormone in the endoplasmic reticulum resulting in a 126 amino acid prohormone, which is the storage form of four hormones from this prohormone and they are the major constituents of the atrial granules found in the heart (24-26). The ANP prohormone is cleaved into four peptide hormones upon release from the heart (28,29). These four peptide hormones consist of the first 30 amino acids of the prohormone's N-terminal end (i.e.…”

“…These four peptide hormones consist of the first 30 amino acids of the prohormone's N-terminal end (i.e. amino acids 1-30) named long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), amino acids 31-67 of the ANP prohormone produce vessel dilator, amino acids 79-98 produce kaliuretic peptide and amino acids 99-126 produce ANP (27,28). These peptides were named for their most potent known biological effects at the time of naming (28).…”

“…amino acids 1-30) named long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), amino acids 31-67 of the ANP prohormone produce vessel dilator, amino acids 79-98 produce kaliuretic peptide and amino acids 99-126 produce ANP (27,28). These peptides were named for their most potent known biological effects at the time of naming (28). Each of these four peptide hormones has anticancer effects in vitro (9-20) and in vivo,where they eliminate up to 86% of human small lung carcinomas in mice (21, 22).…”

“…In addition to the four anticancer peptides synthesized from the ANP prohormone within the heart (27)(28)(29), there are other peptides with anticancer effects (27)(28)(29). Thus, C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) also synthesized in the heart has anticancer effects but only at concentrations 100-fold higher than the four peptide hormones derived from the ANP prohormone (13, 19).…”