Three new triterpenoid saponins from the leaves and stems of<i>Panax quinquefolium</i>

Chen, Jing; Zhao, Rui; Zeng, Yi-Mei; Meng, Hei; Zuo, Wei; Li, Xian; Wang, Jinhui

doi:10.1080/10286020802682734

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…More than 200 saponins have been isolated from ginseng plants 11. In addition to studies that focus on ginseng root, there have been studies of ginseng leaves and stems,5,45,46 flower buds,30,31,47 fruits,48,49 berries,50 and seeds 51. Because steaming or heating changes the saponin profile of ginseng products,3,52 some researchers have isolated ginseng saponins from processed root,33,53 leaf,54 flower-bud34 and berry 55…”

Section: Preparation and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

2011

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Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight their new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques. The current article reviews

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Section: Preparation and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

2011

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“…More than 60 ginsenosides have been isolated from different parts of Panax quinquefolius (referred to as Panax quinquefolium in some publications), such as the roots, leaves, stems, flower buds and berries (Christensen, 2009; Jia and Zhao, 2009; Jiang et al, 2008; Nakamura et al, 2007; Qu et al, 2009; Yoshikawa et al, 1998). As chemical purification and structural identification techniques are developed, novel ginsenosides continue to be reported (Chen et al, 2009a; Jia et al, 2008; Li et al, 2009a; Nakamura et al, 2007). Differences in sugar types, quantities and attachment positions provide diversity in ginsenoside structures (Fuzzati, 2004; Jia and Zhao, 2009).…”

Section: Structural Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the PPD group, sugar residues are attached to the β-OH at C-3 and/or C-20. PPD compounds include compounds 1–17 (Chen et al, 2009a; Jiang et al, 2008; Li et al, 2009a; Nakamura et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2001; Yoshikawa et al, 1998). Four malonyl derivatives ( 18–21 , also called “acidic” ginsenosides) have been characterized (Du et al, 2004).…”

Section: Structural Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenosides from American ginseng: Chemical and pharmacological diversity

2011

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Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Compared to the long history of use and widespread research on Asian ginseng, the study of American ginseng is relatively limited. In the past decade, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology and structure-function relationship of American ginseng. To date, there is no systematic review of American ginseng. In this review, we present the different structures of the ginsenosides in American ginseng, including naturally occurring compounds and those resulting from steaming or biotransformation. Preclinical and clinical studies published in the past decade will also be discussed. We highlight the chemical and pharmacological diversity and potential structural-activity relationship of ginsenosides. Our hope is that this article is a useful reference to chemists and biologists researching American ginseng, and will open the door to novel agents in drug discovery.

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“…Up till now, saponins including ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rg2, Rb2, Rc and Rd, have been widely recognized as the main active ingredients of both the two plants (Devi et al 2011;Barton et al 2010). However, American ginseng has been used as a tonic for indications similar to those of Asian ginseng, but the two species differ in their respective quantities of the specific ginsenosides (Lee et al 2008;Schlag and McIntosh 2006;Chen et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and differential expression of protopanaxadiol synthase in Asian and American ginseng ginsenoside biosynthesis by RNA interferences

2013

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Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), are thought to be representative plant of Panax species, have important commercial value and are used in worldwide. Panax species produces triterpene saponins called ginsenosides, which are classified into two groups by the skeleton of aglycones, namely dammarane-type and oleanane-type. Dammaranetype ginsenosides dominate over oleanane-type not only in amount but also in structural varieties. Researches shows that the saponins content in American ginseng is higher than that in Asian ginseng, the higher part of ginsenosides is from dammarane-type biosynthesis. It has been proposed that protopanaxadiol derived from dammarenediol-II, is a key hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides, and the gene number of protopanaxadiol synthase has been published independent in Asian ginseng (PgCYP716A47). However, little is known about genes involved in hydroxylation and glycosylation in American ginseng ginsenoside biosynthesis. Here, we first cloned and identified a P450 gene named PqD12H encoding enzymes catalyzed dammarenediol-II to protopanaxadiol by RT-PCR using degenerate primers designed based on sequence homology. In vitro, the ectopic expression of PqD12H in recombinant WAT21 yeast resulted in protopanaxadiol production after dammarenediol-II was added to the culture medium. In vivo, we established both PgCYP716A47 and PqD12H RNAi transgenic. The RT-PCR and HPLC analysis of the final products of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol showed a result that declined level of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides. It suggested that the P450 synthase content or expression in American ginseng exceed than in Asian ginseng. The result elucidated the evolution relationship of P450s and the reason of different saponins content among Panax species.

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Three new triterpenoid saponins from the leaves and stems ofPanax quinquefolium

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

Ginsenosides from American ginseng: Chemical and pharmacological diversity

Regulation and differential expression of protopanaxadiol synthase in Asian and American ginseng ginsenoside biosynthesis by RNA interferences

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