Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

Abstract

Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight their new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques. The current article reviews

From classical taxonomy to genome and metabolome: Towards comprehensive quality standards for medicinal herb raw materials and extracts

“…A second, much better known, example illustrating spatio-temporal variation in saponin content is the medicinal species, Panax ginseng [20]. Among the different plant parts, lateral roots tend to accumulate ginseng saponins, with the outer cortical region and root tip showing the highest concentration.…”

“…Research on species-specific, ontogenetic, phytogeographical and process-related differences in ginsenosides profiles reveal the reliability of metabolomic fingerprinting and chemometric analysis of extracts in species authentication of Panax spp. Application of HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry detection has been useful in the deconvolution of complex mixtures, identification of both targeted and untargeted ginsenosides and quantitation of targeted markers [20]. Delineation among the three extensively used medicinal Panax species was based on selective markers.…”

Ginseng Reverses Established Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Postmyocardial Infarction-Induced Hypertrophy and Heart Failure

“…28,29 Interestingly, ginsenosides undergo metabolic biotransformation after oral administration, especially under the influence of intestinal microflora, and some of these metabolites are known to be pharmacologically active and have good systematic bioavailability. 30,31 Thus, the ability of ginseng to reverse hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes implies that this property likely does not depend on its biotransformation.…”

Analysis and Identification of the Chemical Constituents of Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan Prescription by HPLC‐IT‐MSn and HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS

“…[28] The common fragmentation is the cleavage of the sugar chain to give rise to the losses of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide residues. From the DZXW extract, 16 ginsenosides were characterized, compounds 49-64, containing 6 PPT-type, 9 PPD-type, and 1 OA-type.…”