Three New Ginsenosides from the Heat-Processed Roots of Panax ginseng

Cha

et al. 2015

IJMS

Self Cite

Three minor ginsenosides, namely, ginsenoside Rh6 (1), vina-ginsenoside R4 (2) and vina-ginsenoside R13 (3), were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D-NMR, and, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The melanogenic inhibitory activity of compounds 1, 2 and 3 was 23.9%, 27.8% and 35.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 80 µM. Likewise, the three compounds showed inhibitory activity on body pigmentation on a zebrafish model, which is commonly used as a model for biomedical or cosmetic research. These results from in vitro and in vivo systems suggest that the three aforementioned compounds isolated from Panax ginseng may have potential as new skin whitening compounds.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Minor Ginsenosides Isolated from the Leaves of Panax ginseng as Inhibitors of Melanogenesis

Cha

et al. 2015

IJMS

Self Cite

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

“…For screening ginsenosides in GD, a customized library was set up and imported to UNIFI 1.8 software (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) containing 118 ginsenosides based on references 27–42 . The library contains most of the isolated and semisynthesized ginsenosides reported in recent years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different absorption and metabolism of ginsenosides after the administration of total ginsenosides and decoction of Panax ginseng

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Rationale: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG), which contains polysaccharides and ginsenosides as the major bioactive components, has been used to promote health and treat diseases for thousands of years in China. Total ginsenosides were extracted from a decoction of Panax ginseng (GD), which included both ginsenosides and polysaccharides, and dissolved in water to obtain a total ginsenosides aqueous solution (TGAS). To study their absorption and metabolism, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolites of ginsenosides in vivo were investigated after the administration of GD and TGAS.Methods: Rat and mice plasma samples were collected after the administration of GD and TGAS. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used with the UNIFI platform to identify metabolites in the plasma sample. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method in the Drug and Statistics software package.Results: Thirty ginsenoside metabolites were identified in mice plasma, of which only seven were found in the rat plasma after the administration of GD. The PK of ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rc, and Rd were also determined after the oral administration of GD and TGAS and showed significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters.Conclusions: There was no difference in the biotransformation pathways after the oral administration of GD and TGAS, indicating that there was no influence of polysaccharides on the biotransformation of ginsenosides in vivo. However, the pharmacokinetic parameters were different after the administration of GD and TGAS, possibly because of the polysaccharides in GD. This study should be of significance in exploring the basis of PG bioactivities and lays the foundation for the further development of new drugs using PG.

“…55–57 Detailed information with respect to these 218 isolated saponins is provided in Table S2† ( 1–218 ). 9,43,54–118…”

Section: Phytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis

Liu

Zuo

et al. 2022

Nat. Prod. Rep.