Three Forms of Interpersonal Trust: Evidence from Swedish Municipalities

Wollebæk, Dag; Lundåsen, Susanne Wallman; Trägårdh, Lars

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00291.x

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In a previous paper Wollebaek et al, (2012) argued that this confusion may partially originate from the use of different methods for conceptualising and measuring trust. The purpose of this article is to build on this previous work and examine in greater detail the ways in which trust is affected by diversity in the local community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Community Trust in Swedish Local Communities

Lundåsen

Wollebæk

2013

Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties

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This paper analyses the effect of immigration-related diversity on different forms of trust through the hierarchical analysis of three levels of approximately 5,000 respondents nested in over 800 neighbourhoods and 33 municipalities. The data set is based on a unique survey that was specially designed to measure different forms of trust and to test the effects of context.Building on previous findings about the effect of diversity on various forms of trust in Sweden, we discuss three mechanisms through which diversity may drive down community trust in diverse settings -dissimilarity, perceptions of unfairness and asymmetry of information and norms -and explore these empirically. In particular, we examine under which conditions asymmetry of information and norms and perceptions of unfairness affect community trust, and how it interacts with diversity. Our analysis reveals that norm asymmetry and perceptions of unfairness affect community trust negatively but the negative effects are more pronounced in the most diverse local communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Community Trust in Swedish Local Communities

Lundåsen

Wollebæk

2013

Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties

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“…While some argue that both forms of trust are sometimes incompatible (Uslaner 2008a), others believe that one does not necessarily lead to the other (Hooghe 2008), and others are of the view that they are perfectly compatible or mutually reinforcing (Freitag and Traunmüller 2009). Recently, Wollebaek, Lundåsen, and Trägårdh (2012) have argued that community trust is of greater relevance in terms of its behavioural consequences, given that ! they suggest !…”

Section: Trust Immigration and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is clearly not a perfect indicator of particularized trust, as neighbours often do not all know each other and, in any case, the usual question asked does not make reference to particular neighbours but rather to the community as a whole (Veenstra 2002;Wollebaek, Lundåsen, and Trägårdh 2012). Not surprisingly, therefore, trust in neighbours and trust in people living in the neighbourhood tend to load on multiple dimensions of trust indicators (Uslaner 2002;Newton and Zmerli 2011).…”

Section: Trust Immigration and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many scholars have shown that these variants of trust do not operate in the same way, nor do they have the same consequences for social cooperation (Uslaner 2002(Uslaner , 2008aNaef and Schupp 2009;Wollebaek, Lundåsen, and Trägårdh 2012). Several assessments of the effect of immigrationrelated diversity focus primarily on community trust -particularly trust in people in the neighbourhood, also referred to as localized trust (Leigh 2006).…”

Section: Trust Immigration and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other scholars have regarded it as a locally-bounded form of generalized or abstract social trust (Putnam 2007). Amidst this debate, Wollebaek, Lundåsen, and Trägårdh (2012) usefully propose to regard this indicator as a separate component or type of trust (see also, Wallman Lundåsen and Wollebaek in this issue). Their analysis shows, for the Swedish case, that trust in people in the neighbourhood correlates more strongly with other forms of 'localized' or community trust than with other forms of particularized trust.…”

Section: Trust Immigration and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will We All Hunker Down? The Impact of Immigration and Diversity on Local Communities in Spain

Morales

Echazarra

2013

Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties

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In this article, we contribute to this scholarship with an analysis of the effect of immigrant-related diversity on generalized and localized or community trust. As we will illustrate, Spain is a very interesting case study for testing the main theoretical propositions that relate diversity to decreasing levels of trust, and especially for testing whether these effects are visible in the short-term, as has been suggested by Putnam. In just a decade, the immigrant population multiplied by five, and many local communities became ethnically diverse. The rapidity and magnitude of this social change leads us to expect visible effects.Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, by analysing the effect of immigrationrelated diversity at the smallest level of aggregation possible in Spain -the census section level -we are able to adequately test the propositions that relate greater 3 ethnic diversity to residents' social trust. Secondly, we overcome the limitations intrinsic to the crude measurement of diversity of the Herfindahl index with a systematic consideration of multiple alternative indicators of immigration-related diversity that examine the effects of the national origin, linguistic, and racial diversity that has changed the social face of Spanish local communities throughout the country.With this thorough examination of diversity in an interesting and little-known case, we find no effect of diversity on generalized trust, and a negative impact on community trust. We also find that considering multiple dimensions of immigrationrelated diversity is a worthwhile pursuit, as our results suggest that certain types of immigrants engender a more negative reaction than others.The article proceeds as follows. In the next section we summarize the key issues discussed in the scholarly literature around this topic and we outline the empirical expectations that are derived from it. This is followed by a brief description of the Spanish case and of its relevance for the research questions addressed. The third section presents the data, variables and methods used. After that, we present the empirical results, and we conclude with a discussion of the main findings and implications.

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Differing perceptions – Swedish farmers’ views of infectious disease control

Frössling

Nöremark²

2016

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Although farm biosecurity reduces the risk of disease spread among livestock, this knowledge is not always applied. Farmers’ application of disease preventive measures is expected to depend on many things, e.g. whether they consider disease prevention possible and demographic factors. In this study, Swedish livestock farmers’ perspectives on occurrence, control and communication related to infectious livestock diseases were investigated. A questionnaire study was performed in 2012–2013, and included responses from almost 2000 livestock farmers with cattle, pigs, sheep or goats. Associations between responses and factors related to herd type and demography were investigated using multivariable regression models. Results showed a strong general agreement among farmers that disease prevention is important. However, results also showed differing opinions among farmers. For example, female farmers indicated higher levels of perceived knowledge of disease spread and a stronger belief that they can prevent disease introduction. Results indicate that farmers who believe they have the necessary knowledge, have stronger sense of control and also demand that others take responsibility to prevent spread. Furthermore, dairy farmers were more likely to respond that repeated exposure to infections could be beneficial for animal health. The number of perceived disease outbreaks was also higher among these farmers. Regarding government issued compensation to farmers in case of outbreaks, a wide range of opinions were recorded. Responses confirm that the farm veterinarian is an important source of disease information and several different communication channels are needed to reach farmers. In conclusion, our results show that factors such as gender, education level and age influence how prevention and occurrence of disease outbreaks are perceived and best communicated. We suggest that efforts are made to increase knowledge about disease prevention among farmers and veterinary practitioners and that farm veterinarians should be encouraged to motivate farmers to strengthen farm biosecurity.

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Three Forms of Interpersonal Trust: Evidence from Swedish Municipalities

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Diversity and Community Trust in Swedish Local Communities

Diversity and Community Trust in Swedish Local Communities

Will We All Hunker Down? The Impact of Immigration and Diversity on Local Communities in Spain

Differing perceptions – Swedish farmers’ views of infectious disease control

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