Three Fish at One Hook? Future-Oriented, Reconciliatory, and Defensive Claims for Historical Closure as Expressions of the Same Defensive Desire

Kazarovytska, Fiona

doi:10.1177/01461672221124674

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We therefore included additional variables to examine potential boundary conditions of the contextualized confrontation. One important moderator, for example, could be the attitude toward historical closure, because favoring historical closure should be associated with greater defensiveness towards confrontations with negative national history (Kazarovytska & Imhoff, 2022). We did not revise Hypothesis 1 despite the counter evidence from the two previous studies, because life hardships may still play a more important role as defensive reactions to White privilege in demographic groups that were underrepresented in our previous studies.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…A recent experimental intervention found that this denial can be reduced by teaching White participants critical historical knowledge (Bonam et al, 2019, Study 2). However, drawing from history in this way may have limited effects among people who are defensive against such reminders and favor historical closure, that is, to end a discussion about the past and its effects on the present (e.g., Kazarovytska & Imhoff, 2022).…”

Section: Connecting the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing the “Why” in White privilege: The limits of mere evidence confrontations and the potential of contextualizing White privilege in national colonial history

Eckerle,

Lienen,

Kutlaca

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Past studies found that when confronted with evidence of White privilege, White individuals claim life hardships to distance themselves from it. However, these effects were only barely significant, and samples were predominantly from the US, which is a unique context for White privilege. Merely presenting evidence of White privilege also overlooks its socio-historical embedding in colonialism. Drawing from collective memory research, we expected that contextualizing White privilege in national colonial history will trigger moral concerns. None of three experiments with White Germans (N = 646) replicated the effect on life hardships. Instead, the contextualized confrontation activated moral motives for social justice among White German students and White Germans with a migration background. We highlight the need for theoretical models that explicitly consider how cultural contexts shape reactions to White privilege even among "Western" nations. We discuss the social change potential of framing White privilege as a systemic rather than individualized issue.

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Connecting the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the “Why” in White privilege: The limits of mere evidence confrontations and the potential of contextualizing White privilege in national colonial history

Eckerle,

Lienen,

Kutlaca

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unexpectedly, genuine collective‐self forgiveness was also positively related to endorsing truth telling as drawing a line. Thus, genuine collective‐self forgiveness may have more problematic implications—the conceivably more subtle motivation of protecting the ingroup from threats to their group's morality and identity, by supporting truth telling as a means of closing the book on the past and, thus, achieving historical closure (Kazarovytska & Imhoff, 2022b). It might be a disingenuous ‘let it all be said, so we never have to talk about it again.’ However, this interpretation is not consistent with the observed strong positive correlations between seeing truth telling as drawing a line and seeing it as a means for healing and structural change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, in collective‐self forgiveness , perpetrator group members seek a restored moral image and positive identity of their group—a collective self that is not (perpetually) burdened by guilt for wrongdoing committed. A concept of collective‐self forgiveness may help illuminate the process of perpetrators gaining historical closure, which has previously evaded a more differentiated understanding and has been invariably found to be an escape from collective responsibilities (Kazarovytska & Imhoff, 2022b).…”

Section: Collective‐self Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensions between collective‐self forgiveness and political repair

Wenzel,

Quinney,

Wohl

et al. 2023

Euro J Social Psych

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Faced with collective guilt, perpetrator groups may seek collective‐self forgiveness. However, does this diminish their support for political repair? Advancing the concept of collective‐self forgiveness, we distinguish between end‐state collective‐self forgiveness as restored moral identity and two processes: pseudo collective‐self forgiveness as defensive downplaying and genuine collective‐self forgiveness as ‘working through’ the ingroup's guilt. In three studies, non‐Indigenous Australians (N = 369, 800 and 785) were surveyed about currently debated constitutional changes for the recognition and empowerment of Indigenous Australians. Pseudo and genuine collective‐self forgiveness were positively related to end‐state collective‐self forgiveness. Pseudo and end‐state were negative, but genuine collective‐self forgiveness positively, related to support for repair and truth telling. Participants identifying with both Australians and Indigenous Australians more strongly endorsed genuine collective‐self forgiveness. The results suggest a pathway for perpetrator group members to balance identity needs with commitment to repair, but highlight drawbacks of seeing collective‐self forgiveness as an end‐state objective.

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“…And the latter demand (coming to terms with past immoral behavior) is needed by the victims, in order to reconcile with the past perpetrators. Focusing on current morality instead of past cruelty could be viewed as a defensive strategy of historical closure rather than as a real reconciliation approach (Kazarovytska & Imhoff, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The promise and limits of moral exemplars for intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation

Bilewicz

Čehajić‐Clancy

2023

Conflict Resolution Qtrly

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Stories about moral exemplars can provide crucial information about the moral heterogeneity of social groups involved in the conflict. This article addresses the role of moral exemplars narratives in changing perceptions of violent historic intergroup conflicts. We propose that two central outcomes of such interventions make them potentially an effective approach for improving intergroup relations in situations of violent intergroup conflict: (1) facilitation of intergroup contact and (2) increasing reconciliatory attitudes. Although most of the existing research on moral exemplars is focused on their positive outcomes, we suggest that moral exemplars might also have destructive consequences: they could be misused to gain an advantage in an intergroup conflict and might stress the immorality of the non‐helping majority. By integrating these two possibilities, we propose a curvilinear model of the effects of moral exemplars narratives in post‐conflict reconciliation and resolution of violent conflicts.

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Three Fish at One Hook? Future-Oriented, Reconciliatory, and Defensive Claims for Historical Closure as Expressions of the Same Defensive Desire

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Addressing the “Why” in White privilege: The limits of mere evidence confrontations and the potential of contextualizing White privilege in national colonial history

Addressing the “Why” in White privilege: The limits of mere evidence confrontations and the potential of contextualizing White privilege in national colonial history

Tensions between collective‐self forgiveness and political repair

The promise and limits of moral exemplars for intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation

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