The development of efficient electrocatalysts that lower the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance in improving the overall efficiency of hydrogen fuel production by water electrolysis. [1] Commercially, precious metal oxides catalysts such as IrO 2 are used. [2] However, their elemental scarcity and high cost have triggered a search for cost-effective OER electrocatalysts such as 3d transition metal oxides. Among them, families such as the perovskite ABO 3 and the spinel AB 2 O 4 ones have attracted great attention due to their tunable structural/elemental properties allowed by A and B site cation substitution. [3,4] Perovskite ABO 3 oxides have a simple structure with rare-earth or alkaline earth element occupying cuboctahedral A-site while the B-site transition metal (TM) sites in an octahedral environment. [3] Spinel oxides, however, can be either normal or inverse structure depending on the relative occupancy of divalent and trivalent cations in the octahedral and Developing highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for the effectiveness of water splitting. Low-cost spinel oxides have attracted increasing interest as alternatives to noble metalbased OER catalysts. A rational design of spinel catalysts can be guided by studying the structural/elemental properties that determine the reaction mechanism and activity. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that the relative position of O p-band and M Oh (Co and Ni in octahedron) d-band center in ZnCo 2−x Ni x O 4 (x = 0-2) correlates with its stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in OER. Therefore, it is testified by synthesizing ZnCo 2−x Ni x O 4 spinel oxides, investigating their OER performance and surface evolution. Stable ZnCo 2−x Ni x O 4 (x = 0-0.4) follows adsorbate evolving mechanism under OER conditions. Lattice oxygen participates in the OER of metastable ZnCo 2−x Ni x O 4 (x = 0.6, 0.8) which gives rise to continuously formed oxyhydroxide as surface-active species and consequently enhances activity. ZnCo 1.2 Ni 0.8 O 4 exhibits performance superior to the benchmarked IrO 2 . This work illuminates the design of highly active metastable spinel electrocatalysts through the prediction of the reaction mechanism and OER activity by determining the relative positions of the O p-band and the M Oh d-band center.