Three-dimensional visualization and morphometry of small airways from microfocal X-ray computed tomography

Sera, Toshihiro; Fujioka, Hideki; Yokota, Hideo; Makinouchi, Akitake; Himeno, Ryutaro; Schroter, R. C.; Tanishita, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00179-9

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Intrasubject variance of NG to reach around 0.35 mm is less than 1. Figure 11 compares this and previous studies (Raabe et al, 1976;Sera et al, 2003). Our values of airway diameter vs. generation number were closest to Raabe et al (1976), but diameter was a little larger than Raabe for distal generations.…”

Section: Correlation Between Geometry Parameterssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Our values of airway diameter vs. generation number were closest to Raabe et al (1976), but diameter was a little larger than Raabe for distal generations. Sera et al (2003) analyzed small airways of male Wister rats using CT images finding diameters clearly smaller than other observations (Fig. 11a).…”

Section: Correlation Between Geometry Parametersmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Therefore disagreements between studies might be caused by the different species used in the studies and different measurement techniques or airway casting conditions. For example, scans of Sera et al (2003; body weights 300 g 6 30) were from an ex vivo preparation that is likely to have artifacts from hanging the lung while scanning, not to mention the ongoing tissue shrinkage occurring during scanning. Also, computerized and manual measurement techniques likely have uncharacterized error or bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 3D data analysis process showing that a quantitative comparison of many airways is possible (Sera et al, 2003;Tawhai et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary Architecture in the Conducting Regions of Six Rats

Lee

Fanucchi

Plopper

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

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Rats are widely used for studies of pulmonary toxicology and lung disease. Several studies suggest nominal geometric parameters describing the architecture of the rat airway. However, intersubject variance has never been reported due to the huge effort and time to take these manual measurements. In this study, we present statistics of the branching pattern of six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats by automatically analyzing computed tomography images of silicon casts of their airways. Details of branching characteristics and also intersubject variance are presented. In addition, this study shows that mean and standard deviation of many geometric parameters insufficiently represent pulmonary architecture because some, such as diameter-asymmetry, are not normally distributed. Detailed statistics including inter-and intrasubject variance and distribution of the geometric parameters will aid in constructing more realistic airway models for particle transport and studies of normal and abnormal respiratory physiology. Anat Rec,

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Section: Correlation Between Geometry Parameterssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Correlation Between Geometry Parametersmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 3D data analysis process showing that a quantitative comparison of many airways is possible (Sera et al, 2003;Tawhai et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pulmonary Architecture in the Conducting Regions of Six Rats

Lee

Fanucchi

Plopper

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

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“…3). The corresponding value of E (0.7 cmH 2O) is low compared with values in the literature for dog (10) and rat (51,52) airways, from which we estimate E Ϸ 6 and 10 cmH 2O, respectively; reliable estimates for T are harder to determine, requiring us to exercise caution in interpreting results. The cell layer is substantially thinner than the airway radius (we assume the epithelial thickness Hc is of the order of 1 m), so that terms in the cell model of magnitude (where ϭ Hc/R1) or smaller are neglected.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Transient elastohydrodynamic drag on a particle moving near a deformable wall

Weekley

Waters

Jensen

2006

The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics

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Naire, Shailesh, and Oliver E. Jensen. Epithelial cell deformation during surfactant-mediated airway reopening: a theoretical model. J Appl Physiol 99: 458 -471, 2005. First published March 31, 2005 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2004.-A theoretical model is presented describing the reopening by an advancing air bubble of an initially liquid-filled collapsed airway lined with deformable epithelial cells. The model integrates descriptions of flow-structure interaction (accounting for nonlinear deformation of the airway wall and viscous resistance of the airway liquid flow), surfactant transport around the bubble tip (incorporating physicochemical parameters appropriate for Infasurf), and cell deformation (due to stretching of the airway wall and airway liquid flows). It is shown how the pressure required to drive a bubble into a flooded airway, peeling apart the wet airway walls, can be reduced substantially by surfactant, although the effectiveness of Infasurf is limited by slow adsorption at high concentrations. The model demonstrates how the addition of surfactant can lead to the spontaneous reopening of a collapsed airway, depending on the degree of initial airway collapse. The effective elastic modulus of the epithelial layer is shown to be a key determinant of the relative magnitude of strains generated by flow-induced shear stresses and by airway wall stretch. The model also shows how epithelial-layer compressibility can mediate strains arising from flow-induced normal stresses and stress gradients. recruitment; atelectrauma; volutrauma; fluid-structure interaction; surface tension SUCCESSFUL RECRUITMENT OF liquid-filled airways is a process of fundamental importance in human respiration, from the first breath onward, and is critical in the treatment of conditions such as infant or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is of particular current interest in the context of ARDS, where atelectrauma [damage to airway epithelium through the repeated opening and closing of airways and alveoli (9, 13, 43)], volutrauma [airway overdistension (56, 58)], and biotrauma (inflammatory airway insult secondary to mechanical injury) are candidate mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury (49, 53). Mechanisms of atelectrauma, for example, involve processes interacting over widely varying length scales: at the scale of the whole lung (involving forced inflation of a heterogeneous airway network); at the scale of an individual airway (where surface tension, airway compliance, and airway liquid viscosity are significant); at the scale of an airway epithelial cell (deforming in response to its local mechanical environment); and at the scale of individual molecules (for example epithelial-cell mechanosensors such as stretchactivated ion channels). Mathematical and computational models provide powerful tools with which to integrate descriptions of processes operating across such disparate scales. This paper seeks to contribute to the development of a theoretical framework for airway recruitment and specifically aims ...

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3D Airway Reconstruction Using Visible Human Data Set and Human Casts with Comparison to Morphometric Data

Robinson

Russo

Doolittle

2009

The Anatomical Record

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Realistic airway geometry is required for accurate biomechanical modeling, particle deposition predictions and ultimately risk assessment and inhaled drug delivery protocols. Morphometric studies to date provide data for specific anatomical locations or for more generational average data for the entire lung. In an attempt to provide a realistic geometry representative of a typical human, the National Institute of Health (NIH) Visible Human (VH) V R female data set was reconstructed and compared to available morphometric data from the literature. The reconstructed NIH VH female airway model extended from just distal to the larynx down through the fifth generation of bronchial passageways. Casting and scanning techniques were used to create the upper airway geometries so that the model could be used realistically for oral exposure. Each reconstruction stage was examined to show the loss of data during segmentation, decimation, and smoothing processes. The resulting dimensions of the complete female model were consistent with morphometric data from the literature, indicating that the model is a reasonable representation of an adult female that could be used for biomechanical modeling. Anat Rec, 292:1028Rec, 292: -1044Rec, 292: , 2009. Key words: respiratory tract; lung; larynx; oral cavity; imaging; reconstruction; cryosection; visible human femaleThe study and prediction of particle deposition in the respiratory tract would benefit from airway models that are more anatomically realistic. One technique to construct such models includes three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the airways from two dimensional (2D) images obtained from computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cryosectioned images. Utilization of these procedures to create models for computational analysis has received little attention.

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Three-dimensional visualization and morphometry of small airways from microfocal X-ray computed tomography

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Pulmonary Architecture in the Conducting Regions of Six Rats

Pulmonary Architecture in the Conducting Regions of Six Rats

Transient elastohydrodynamic drag on a particle moving near a deformable wall

3D Airway Reconstruction Using Visible Human Data Set and Human Casts with Comparison to Morphometric Data

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