Three-dimensional simulations of high current beams in induction accelerators with WARP3d

Abstract

For many issues relevant to acceleration and propagation of heavy-ion beams for inertial confinement fusion, understanding the behavior of the beam requires the self-consistent inclusion of the self-fields of the beams in multiple dimensions. For these reasons, the three-dimensional simulation code WAR93d A.Friedman[l] was developed. The code combines the particle-in-cell plasma simulation technique with a realistic description of the elements which make up an accelerator. In this paper, the general structure of the code is reviewed and details of two ongoing applications are presented along with a discussion of simulation techniques used. The most important results of this work are presented.

Simulations of beam envelope dynamics in circular accelerators

“…Many numerical simulation codes, such as TRACE [6], PARMILA [7], ORBIT [8], WARP [9], etc., were developed to study the mechanism of emittance growth. COSY INFINITY has also been proposed to expand its code to deal with space charge force [10,11].…”

Large-timestep mover for particle simulations of arbitrarily magnetized species

“…This algorithm was implemented into the explicit electrostatic code WARP [3], utilizing a simple predictor-corrector scheme for particle advance only: to advance from time level n, Eq. (1) is advanced from level n − 1/2 to n + 1/2 using fields at time level n, and, in the evaluation of (∆v) µ∇B , the old particle velocities.…”

Status of experiments leading to a small recirculator

“…A description of the expected emittance growth using a model of the Small Recirculator in WARP3D is given by Lund in [4] . The data in figure 3 are consistent with the theoretical predictions and the emittance budget for a 15-lap pulse through the Recirculator.…”

“…The development of the Small Recirculator is proceeding in parallel with a series of experiments designed to assess the feasibility and technical risk of the recirculation concept. When complete, the Small Recirculator will be the first circular ion induction accelerator and will provide a long path length platform (greater than 200m for 15-lap operation) to address not only a host of beam dynamics issues (e.g., steering algorithms, longitudinal compression and confinement studies) but also to provide crucial benchmark data for sophisticated computational tools such as WARP3D [4] which will be used to design the first driverclass machine.…”