Three‐Dimensional Simulation of Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves and Their Influence on Particle Transport in the Southern Red Sea

Abstract

Internal waves are ubiquitous in the world ocean, especially in marginal seas and shelves (Garrett & Kunze, 2007;Simmons et al., 2004). Internal solitary waves (ISWs), one type of internal waves, commonly evolve from the baroclinic tides due to nonlinearity effects and usually feature relative large wave amplitude from 10 to 100 m (Guo, 2013). Because of their large amplitudes, ISWs contribute to the seawater property exchange and may have a significant influence on the physical, chemical, and biological systems (Alford et al., 2015). One of the most important processes during the life-long period of ISWs is the shoaling processes, during which the energetic ISWs propagate into the shallow area and interact with the bottom topography, eventually breaking and dissipating into small scale process under the strong nonlinear effects and bottom friction. Observations have shown that the shoaling process of internal waves could affect the transport of physically and biologically important scalars such as temperature (

Seasonal M2 Internal Tides in the Arabian Sea

“…Further, southeastward signals are observed to the south of the Farasan Islands, probably associated with the topography: when internal tides reach the Farasan Islands, the signals are split in two by the topography, with one moving toward the northeast and the other moving toward the southeast. Similar phenomena were reported in the southern Red Sea using numerical simulations [41,42] and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery [39]. Some common features of internal tides can be extracted from both Figures 3 and 5b.…”

Hindrance effect of tides on water exchanges between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden

“…The sea has a relatively independent circulation system (Yao et al, 2014a;Yao et al, 2014b), making it an ideal basin for investigating the influence of tides on the basin's general circulations. The Red Sea spans an area of approximately 20°in latitude (from 10°N to 30°N) and approximately 10°in longitude (from 32°E to 42°E), which enables the development of a complete and composite circulation system of different scales, including the Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW) intrusion , the deep water formation event in the north (Yao and Hoteit, 2018), a strong mesoscale eddy activity (Zhan et al, 2014;Zhan et al, 2018;Zhan et al, 2020), and small-scale internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the southern Red Sea (Guo et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2021). The relatively small size of the Red Sea basin enables the implementation of a highresolution numerical model capable of resolving small-scale processes such as baroclinic tides (Guo et al, 2018).…”