Three-Dimensional Porous Copper-Tin Alloy Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Three‐dimensional (3D) foam structure of a Cu6Sn5 alloy was fabricated via an electrochemical deposition process. The walls of the foam structure are highly porous and consist of numerous small grains. When used as a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery, the Cu6Sn5 samples delivered a reversible capacity of about 400 mA h g–1 up to 30 cycles. Further, these materials exhibit superior rate capability, attributed primarily to the unique porous structure and the large surface area for fast mass transport and rapid surface reactions. For instance, at a current drain of 10 mA cm–2 (20C rate), the obtainable capacity (220 mA h g–1) was more than 50 % of the capacity at 0.5 mA cm–2 (1C rate).

Superwettability of Gas Bubbles and Its Application: From Bioinspiration to Advanced Materials

“…This work provides a new approach to designing interfaces for GERs [7,34] and GARs [35,36] in devices providing energy conversion and storage (such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries) and bubble-assisted electrodeposition processes. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Inspired by the lubricant layer of pitcher plants, the hydrophobic lubricant-infused slippery (LIS) interfaces are applicable to manipulation of bubbles in aqueous media. [47] The LIS track realized desirable bubble adhesion.…”

Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon Microspheres: Toward Electro-Catalyzing Glucose with High Activity and Stability

“…This porous architecture is thought to be much beneficial for the reactant to diffuse to active sites and for the product to escape away from the electrode surface timely [28,29]. …”

Formation of the honeycomb-like electrodes by the regime of puslating overpotential in the second range

“…Open porous structures with an extremely large surface area are of high technological significance, because they are very suitable as electrodes in many electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells, batteries and sensors [1,2], and in catalysis [3]. Electrodeposition technique was shown to be very favorable way for the production of this type of electrodes [1,2,4].…”

“…Electrodeposition technique was shown to be very favorable way for the production of this type of electrodes [1,2,4]. Open porous copper electrodes, denoted as both 3-D foam [1,2,4] or honeycomb-like electrodes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], are formed by electrodeposition at high current densities and overpotentials, when, parallel to electrodeposition process, the hydrogen evolution reaction occurs. The main characteristics of these electrodes are holes or pores formed upon detachment of hydrogen bubbles, surrounded by the agglomerates of metal grains or dendritic particles.…”

“…The specific surface area of these structures is determined by the number and size of the holes, as well as by the width of the walls in-between [4]. Aside from copper, which is the most studied system [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], open porous structures of some other technologically important metals, such as tin [1], nickel [16], silver [17,18], gold [19], lead [20], and copper-tin alloys [2], were also investigated.…”