Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon Microspheres: Toward Electro-Catalyzing Glucose with High Activity and Stability

Abstract

Highlights  Synthesis of Pt NPs dispersedly encapsulated in carbon microspheres; Reduced glutathione (R-GSH) as the capping agent and reductant simultaneously; Showing high electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation in neutral media; Possessing attractive stability of performance due to the AbstractElectro-oxidizing glucose effectively is well known as the critical point in developing analytical sensors and carbohydrate-based fuel cells. Here we prepared a new electrode material, platinum nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon microspheres (Pt/GSH), to promote the glucose electrocatalytic oxidation reaction in neutral media. The Pt/GSH composite was synthesized by using a simple hydrothermal method, with reduced glutathione (R-GSH) as the capping agent and reductant simultaneously, followed by a calcination process. It was found that the obtained Pt particles with a mean size of 26.8 nm were well dispersed in the interconnected carbon microspheres, providing a stable and efficient catalytic platform for glucose electro-oxidation. As a result, the synthesized catalyst exhibited higher activity for electro-catalyzing glucose compared to commercial Pt black and Pt/C catalysts, with a mass activity of 15.4 µA µg -1Pt , approximately 13 times of Pt black and 2.1 times of Pt/C. Besides, due to the decreased dissolution and agglomeration of Pt NPs in the carbon-encapsulated structure, the Pt/GSH catalyst kept quite stable activity upon reuse even in the presence of chloride ions.

Fabrication of a non-enzymatic Ni(ii) loaded ZSM-5 nanozeolite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes paste electrode as a glucose electrochemical sensor

“…Actually, many efforts have been tried for the determination of glucose without enzyme, gold nanoparticles onto modied glassy carbon electrode, 8 CuO nanosheets electrode, 9 CuO/ZnO composite nanoarrays, 10 magnetic copper ferrite onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes, 11 nickel electrode, 12,13 hierarchical Cu-Co-Ni electrode, 14 and Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon microspheres. 15 Also, modied carbon paste electrodes 16,17 and palladium nanoparticles deposited on graphene 18 were proposed for determination of glucose without enzyme. Velarde et al 19 studied oxidation of D-glucose with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant over several titanium-containing NaY zeolites.…”

Electrodeposition and characterization of palladium nanostructures on stainless steel and application as hydrogen sensor

“…The shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles has attracted significant interest because their properties and applications are affected greatly by their morphologies [6][7][8][9][10]. Noble-metal nanoparticles are of special interest for many applications, including catalysis [11][12][13] sensors [14] and other applications [13,15].…”

Electroanalytical determination of reduced-glutathione in biological samples

“…It is important to detect GSH using a reliable method with good sensitivity and selectivity. Due to its electrochemically oxidizable property [16,17], it has become important to develop an effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of GSH. For this reason, a simple and reliable electroanalytical method and a sensor modified with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) were developed to determine the reduced-GSH.…”