Three-dimensional photonic crystals based on macroporous silicon with modulated pore diameter

Schilling, Joerg; Müller, Frank; Matthias, Sven; Wehrspohn, Ralf B.; Gösele, U.; Busch, Kurt

doi:10.1063/1.1351533

Cited by 147 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Then, a square-array of perfectly ordered pores were electrochemically etched in 5% HF aqueous solution, with a small amount of ethanol for wetting purposes, at a controlled solution temperature of 10 ºC. During the etching, an in-depth modulation of the pores' diameter was introduced by modulating in time the etching photocurrent [21] (fig 1b).…”

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three-dimensional macroporous structures behave as photonic crystals [21,22], and exhibit interesting thermal emission characteristics [26][27][28]; however, they are not good candidates for TPV applications since it is very difficult to efficiently reduce thermal emission at large wavelength bands [28]. In order to take advantage of the good thermal stability of crystalline silicon 3D structures we decided to deposit a conformal thin metal layer over the structure.…”

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional metallo-dielectric selective thermal emitters with high-temperature stability for thermophotovoltaic applications

Garín

Hernández

Trifonov

et al. 2015

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Selective thermal emitters concentrate most of their spontaneous emission in a spectral band much narrower than a blackbody. When used in a thermophovoltaic energy conversion system, they become key elements defining both its overall system efficiency and output power. Selective emitters' radiation spectra must be designed to match their accompanying photocell's band gap and, simultaneously, withstand high temperatures (above 1000 K) for long operation times. The advent of nanophotonics has allowed the engineering of very selective emitters and absorbers; however, thermal stability remains a challenge since 1 of 22 nanostructures become unstable at temperatures much below the melting point of the used materials. In this paper we explore an hybrid 3D dielectric-metallic structure that combines the higher thermal stability of a monocrystalline 3D Silicon scaffold with the optical properties of a thin Platinum film conformally deposited on top. We show experimentally that these structures exhibit a selective emission spectrum suitable for TPV applications and that they are thermally stable at temperatures up to 1100 K. These structures are ideal in combination with III-V semiconductors in the range Eg=0.4-0.55 eV such as InGaAsSb (Eg=0.5-0.6 eV) and InAsSbP (Eg=0.3-0.55 eV).

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Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional metallo-dielectric selective thermal emitters with high-temperature stability for thermophotovoltaic applications

Garín

Hernández

Trifonov

et al. 2015

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…Thus, by modulating the illumination intensity, the internal microstructure, and thus local refractive index of the sample is controlled. [35][36][37] This fabrication technique presents several advantages, perhaps the most significant of which is that the structure is formed from silicon, which has a high refractive index and is very well understood. There is the possibility for excellent control of the pore shape, [38] since the structure in the zaxis can be controlled independently of the other two axes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

2006

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Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comment regarding this burden estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188,) Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY ( Leave Blank)2. REPORT DATE Advanced Materials, 18, 2665-2678 (2006). 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) and photonic bandgap (PBG) materials have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest. In order to provide functionality to PhCs, the introduction of controlled defects is necessary; the importance of defects in PhCs is comparable to that of dopants in semiconductors. Over the past few years, significant advances have been achieved through a diverse set of fabrication techniques. While for some routes to 3D PhCs, such as conventional lithography, the incorporation of defects is relatively straightforward; other methods, for example, selfassembly of colloidal crystals (CCs) or holography, require new external methods for defect incorporation. In this review, we will cover the state of the art in the design and fabrication of defects within 3D PhCs. The figure displays a fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy image of a y-splitter defect formed through two-photon polymerization within a CC. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 1416. PRICE CODE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OR REPORT UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ON THIS PAGE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFIED LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL IntroductionPhotonic crystals (PhCs) are materials that possess spatial periodicity in their dielectric constant on the order of the wavelength (k) of light. These materials can strongly modulate light [1] and, with sufficient dielectric contrast and an appropriate geometry, may exhibit a photonic bandgap (PBG). This concept was first proposed in 1975 by Bykov [2] but remained relatively unknown until the seminal work of Yablonovitch [3] and John. [4] In a rough analogy to semiconductors, which possess an electronic bandgap, a PBG material prohibits the existence of photons with energies in the PBG. PhCs are naturally classified by the dimensionality of their periodicity, and in order to rigorously prevent the propagation of PBG frequencies in all directions, a 3D PhC with an omnidirectional, or complete PBG (cPBG) is required. cPBG materials have been fabricated and well characterized for operation at microwave and radio frequencies, however, operation in the visible and IR requires the characteristic length scales of these structures to be scaled down by several orders of magnitude...

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“…A very interesting application of LIL is the manufacturing of photonic crystals (PC) [6,8,15] and it has been implemented for applications like filters [16], waveguides [17], resonant cavities [18], PC-based optical elements [19] and light management in thin film solar cells [20]. The concept of photonic crystal was born in the late 1980s [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of hierarchical photonic nanostructures inspired by Morpho butterflies utilizing laser interference lithography

Siddique

Hünig

Faisal

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

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Abstract:We introduce laser interference lithography (LIL) as a tool to fabricate hierarchical photonic nanostructures inspired by blue Morpho butterflies. For that, we utilize the interference pattern in vertical direction in addition to the conventional horizontal one. The vertical interference creates the lamellae by exploiting the back reflection from the substrate. The horizontal interference patterns the ridges of the hierarchical Christmas tree like structure. The artificial Morpho replica produced with this technique feature a brilliant blue iridescence up to an incident angle of 40 • .

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Three-dimensional photonic crystals based on macroporous silicon with modulated pore diameter

Cited by 147 publications

References 7 publications

Three-dimensional metallo-dielectric selective thermal emitters with high-temperature stability for thermophotovoltaic applications

Three-dimensional metallo-dielectric selective thermal emitters with high-temperature stability for thermophotovoltaic applications

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Fabrication of hierarchical photonic nanostructures inspired by Morpho butterflies utilizing laser interference lithography

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