Three-dimensional localization of maxillary canines with cone-beam computed tomography

3 '2' 1: Orthodontic re-positioning of canines into central incisors

“…Overall dental development stage. 3 Detection rate of resorption by means of CBCT is 38% 4 in comparison to radiographs alone where this rate is 12.5%. 20 CBCTs therefore detect around 50% more root resorption on adjacent teeth compared with conventional radiographs where even severe resorption involving the pulp may not be apparent.…”

“…Computed tomography has been shown to be an important tool in assessing the impacted canines and presence of resorption 3,4,13,21 (Figs 3a and b). One study showed that 43.7% of treatment plans for 80 children with retained maxillary deciduous canines were changed after a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was taken (as opposed to plain radiographs alone).…”

“…These factors increased the risk of resorption twofold. 31 Factors thought to be less significant are the width and shape of the canine follicle, 3,20,32 crowding, 20,31 condition or location of the deciduous canine, 20 width of alveolus, 3 position of the canine or lateral incisors relative to the dental arch, canine position in the sagittal plane, degree of resorption of the deciduous canine, degree of canine vertical eruption and proclination or distal tilting of the lateral incisor. 31 Interestingly, Sasakura et al 28 found dwarfism of incisors to be unrelated to impacted canines.…”

“…Resorption in the first premolar has also been seen but is thought to be rare. 3 It is thought that lateral incisors are predisposed to resorption due to their conical root shape, having an apex deep in the palate near the canine crown, and having susceptible roots during development. 34 Mostly the middle third (82%) of the incisors were affected followed by apical thirds (13%) and cervical third (5%).…”

“…Impacted canines are more prevalent in female patients with a ratio of 2:1 and most impactions (80%-92.6%) are palatal as opposed to buccal. 2,3 No difference has been found in the frequency of occurrence of the right and left maxillary canines. 4 …”