Three-Dimensional Imaging as a Teaching Method in Anterior Circulation Aneurysm Surgery

Three-dimensional Anaglyph Indocyanine Green Video Angiography: A New Technology for Cerebrovascular Surgeries

“…Real-time display or video recording of surgeries in 3D anaglyph mode has gained popularity and attention in many centers [3,4]. Though we lack solid data, it has been suggested that 3D displays and videos may help young neurosurgeons and trainees with surface detection and depth judgment and therefore, better decision making during brain surgeries [8].…”

“…eal-time three-dimensional stereoscopy/ anaglyph display of the surgeries is a common practice enabling surgeons to have a better understanding of the surgical approach and improving the training of the residents and observers in the operation theatres [1]. Also, 3D anaglyph presentations are being popularized not only for teaching complicated neurosurgical anatomy (e.g., skull base) to medical students and residents [2,3], but also for training young neurosurgeons in cerebrovascular surgeries [4].…”

Stereoscopic Images from Computed Tomography Angiograms

“…The red/cyan anaglyph technique has been used in vascular neurosurgery for photographing cadaver dissections or for intraoperative imaging (1)(2)(3)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In a survey involving 15 experienced cerebrovascular surgeons and 15 trainees, 3D documentation of aneurysm clipping was suggested to bring significant improvement to understanding of the anatomical landmarks and the principles of anterior circulation aneurysm surgery (11).…”

“…In the last two decades, stereoscopic photography has proven to be of great value for teaching neurosurgical anatomy (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It does not replace simulators, but when used for documenting cadaver dissections, it appears to facilitate understanding of how anatomical structures are distributed in space.…”

Three-Dimensional Printed Modeling of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas and Associated White Matter Tract Anatomy

“…The majority of studies dealing with rapid prototyping and neurosurgical pathology have focused on models of intracranial aneurysms and cranial prostheses. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Brain tumors, however, have received less attention with respect to rapid prototyping. This may be due to the wide variation in terms of brain tumor pathologies and their intrinsic involvement of the brain parenchyma.…”