Stereoscopic Images from Computed Tomography Angiograms

Abstract

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Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three‐dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry

“…Since then, the adoption of stereoscopic viewing has progressively expanded throughout the medical field. This evolution included various technical variants in the last decades such as the View‐Master device (initially designed as a toy), anaglyphs, and methods based on polarized light projection 37–41 …”

“…Static stereoscopic images can also be easily produced from captures of different (left and right) perspectives of a virtual object. 38 Radiological techniques, such as CT and MRI, can provide 3D views through volume rendering, surface rendering, or a combination of both. Many authors have underscored the utility of these methods in the context of anatomy education.…”

“…This evolution included various technical variants in the last decades such as the View-Master device (initially designed as a toy), anaglyphs, and methods based on polarized light projection. [37][38][39][40][41] Animations of 3D models using the red-cyan anaglyph technique enable stereoscopy with a modest investment: the purchase of 3D anaglyph glasses available for <1 USD for the cheapest models. Instructors can then distribute models and animations even to large groups of students.…”

Anaglyph stereo virtual dissection: a novel inexpensive method for stereoscopic visualisation of intracardiac anatomy on CT angiogram

“…A similar anaglyph-based stereoscopic visualisation can also be produced using photo editing software but is time-consuming and has a learning curve. 22 Although being reported in the setting of cardiac CT angiograms, a similar approach can be used for other regions of the body. Further, like volume rendering, anaglyphbased stereoscopic visualisation is also possible for surface-rendered virtual models of the heart.…”

“…Stereoscopic visualisation during interventional and surgical procedures is known to improve the operator's confidence and reduce procedure time. [22][23][24] A similar approach using True3D software has been shown to improve surgeon's understanding of the anatomy while planning surgery for CHDs. 25 A fusion of stereoscopic visualisation of CT virtual model at the time of interventional procedure is also likely to improve outcomes and potentially reduce procedure-related complications.…”